minimum housing standards illustrates a low level of rights to housing protection in Korea. The Government should take positive actions to improve the human rights of substandard households, by introducing new concrete measures into the Comprehensive Housing Plan to fulfil its minimum core obligation to guarantee their right to live a decent life in the residential environment of minimum standards. 61. The Government should formulate and implement comprehensive policy measures to improve the human rights of substandard households, with a view to securing the right to adequate living. 2. Violation of the Rights to Housing during Gentrification (226-231) 62. Until now, the urban renewal projects, a gentrification, whose proper purpose is to improve the residential environment and expand the infrastructure to enhance the quality of life for the people in antiquated urban areas, have served as a means of maximizing profits of the private developers. The Government, in No. 226 of its Replies, mentions that ‘it is making every effort to ensure that citizens have housing security by making it mandatory by law to build rental housing units, pay compensation for any business losses and cover residence relocation costs’. However, as is indicated in the fact that after the New Town Development projects are completed only 17% of the former residents would come back to the new apartments, the Government's actions have not brought substantial achievements. This poor performance is attributable to the limitations inherent in the urban renewal mechanism and the operational problems of the compensation system. First of all, the urban renewal projects were almost simultaneously carried out and were focused on building mid- and large-sized apartment houses, which pushed up the sales prices of the new houses, the housing destruction and loss rate and lease deposits, making it difficult for the residents in the neighbourhood to enjoy their right to adequate housing. Furthermore, even the legal and institutional measures originally intended to protect the rights to housing of those living in the affected areas have not been implemented properly. The consequence is that, in the course of urban renewal, the housing poor including small house owners and tenants are forced to leave their neighbourhood to find a cheaper house but with poorer conditions. 63. The Government has recently taken an action which is to the detriment of their protection. The Government mentions in No.231 of its Replies that it is required to provide "compensation for residence relocation costs under Article 54 of the 18