149 United Nations Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Ninth Annual Report of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, CAT/C/57/4 (22 March 2016), para 80. 150 Winter, C, Correctional policies for the management of trans people in Australian prisons, International Journal of Transgender Health, Vol. 25, no. 2 (2024), 130-148 [144]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2023.224695>. 151 Ibid 144. 152 Ibid, 145; see also, for example, Holmes A, Transgender prisoner policy issued but not followed as Marjorie Harwood held in male prison seven times, documents show, ABC News (7 May 2024). <https://www.abc.net. au/news/2024-05-07/tasmanian-transgender-prisoner-policy-not-followed/103813206>. 153 Walters R, Antojado D, Maycock M and Bartels L, LGBT people in prison in Australia and human rights: A critical reflection, Alternative Law Journal, Vol. 49(1) (2024) 40–46 [44]. <https://doi.org/10.1177/103796 9X241231007>. 154 Information provided to the Commission by the Department on 4 June 2024. 155 Commonwealth Ombudsman. Access All Areas: Monitoring Places of Detention 2022-23 6th Report of the Commonwealth National Preventive Mechanism (May 2024), 28. <https://www.ombudsman.gov.au/__data/ assets/pdf_file/0010/304102/Commonwealth-NPM-Annual-Report-2022-23.pdf>. 156 United Nations Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Ninth Annual Report of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, CAT/C/57/4 (22 March 2016), para 65. 157 European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Transgender Persons in Prison (April 2024), 4. <https://rm.coe.int/1680af7216>. 158 The Yogyakarta Principles Plus 10 - Additional Principles and State Obligation on the Application of International Human Rights Law in Relation to Sexual Orientation, Gender Expression and Sex Characteristics to Complement the Yogyakarta Principles (10 November 2017), Principle 10 (I). <https://yogyakartaprinciples. org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/A5_yogyakartaWEB-2.pdf>. 159 United Nations Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Ninth Annual Report of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, CAT/C/57/4 (22 March 2016), para 76. 160 United Nations Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions on a gender-sensitive approach to arbitrary killings, A/HRC/35/23 (6 June 2017), para 110 (e). 161 Brömdal, A, Sanders T, Stanners M, du Plessis, C, Gildersleeve J, Mullens A, Phillips T, Debattista J, Daken K, Clark K, and Hughto, J, Where do incarcerated trans women prefer to be housed and why? Adding nuanced understandings to a complex debate through the voices of formerly incarcerated trans women in Australia and the United States, International Journal of Transgender Health, Vol. 25, no. 2 (2024), 167-186 [179]. <https://doi. org/10.1080/26895269.2023.2280167>. 162 Winter, C, Correctional policies for the management of trans people in Australian prisons, International Journal of Transgender Health, Vol. 25, no. 2 (2024), 130-148 [144]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2023.224695>. 163 United Nations Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women and Girls, its Causes and Consequences, Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women, A/68/340m (21 August 2013), para 44. 164 Parliament of Australia, Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Additional Estimates, February 2024, AE24-603 - Access to Healthcare in Onshore Immigration Detention - counselling provided (11 April 2024). <https://www.aph.gov.au/api/qon/downloadattachment?attachmentId=f2f245c2-5c3a-40778687-148c6bca6055>. 165 United Nations General Assembly, United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Noncustodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules), A/C.3/65/L.5 (21 December 2010), Rule 10(2). 166 Australian Human Rights Commission, Human rights standards for immigration detention (April 2013), Standard 14.2, 31. <https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/HR_standards_ immigration_detention.pdf>. 167 United Nations Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Prevention of torture and ill-treatment of women deprived of their liberty, CAT/OP/27/1 (18 January 2016), para 28. Endnotes 89