85 Office of the Custodial Inspector Tasmania, Mary Hutchinson Women’s Prison Inspection Report 2021 (February 2022), 23. <https://www.custodialinspector.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/673928/ MHWP-Inspection-Report-2021.pdf>. 86 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, The health and welfare of women in Australia’s prisons (November 2020), 10. <https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/32d3a8dc-eb84-4a3b-90dc-79a1aba0efc6/aihw-phe-281. pdf.aspx?inline=true#:~:text=16%20of%2037%20women%20reported,had%20become%20worse%20in%20 prison.> . 87 Mehta R, Drake G, Abubasheer, A, and Padukka W, Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Women in Prison: Pre-prison experiences and post-release reintegration (2023), 38. <https://researchdirect. westernsydney.edu.au/islandora/object/uws:71422/>; 88 Australian Department of Health and Aged Care, National Review of Hotel Quarantine (23 October 2020), 26. <https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2020/10/national-review-of-hotel-quarantine.pdf>. 89 Australian Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, National Review of Quarantine (12 October 2021), 54. <https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/resource/download/national-review-of-quarantine.pdf>. 90 Information provided to the Commission by the Department on 14 June 2024. 91 Information provided to the Commission by the Department on 14 June 2024. 92 Australian Department of Health, CDNA National Guidelines for COVID-19 Outbreaks in Correctional and Detention Facilities: Version 5 (24 June 2022), 17. <https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/ coronavirus-covid-19-cdna-national-guidelines-for-public-health-units?language=en>. 93 Ibid, 14-15. 94 Ibid, 6. 95 New South Wales Inspector of Custodial Services, Review of the response to COVID-19 in NSW custody (December 2023), 11. <https://inspectorcustodial.nsw.gov.au/documents/inspection-reports/Review_of_ response_to_COVID-19.pdf>. 96 New South Wales Department of Community and Justice, COVID-19, DCJ Services, Corrective Services (22 March 2023). <https://dcj.nsw.gov.au/covid-19/dcj-services/corrective-services.html>. 97 Corrections Victoria, Prisons, Health Care (5 March 2024). <https://www.corrections.vic.gov.au/prisons/healthcare>. 98 Commonwealth Ombudsman. Access All Areas: Monitoring Places of Detention 2022-23 6th Report of the Commonwealth National Preventive Mechanism (May 2024), 29. <https://www.ombudsman.gov.au/__data/ assets/pdf_file/0010/304102/Commonwealth-NPM-Annual-Report-2022-23.pdf>. 99 Australian Department of Health and Aged Care, AHPPC statement – End of COVID-19 emergency response (20 October 2023). <https://www.health.gov.au/news/ahppc-statement-end-of-covid-19-emergencyresponse?language=en>. 100 United Nations General Assembly, United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Noncustodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules), A/C.3/65/L.5 (21 December 2010), Rule 31. 101 Ibid, Rule 33(1). 102 Ibid, Rule 33(2). 103 United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, General recommendation No. 32 on the gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women, CEDAW/C/GC/32 (14 November 2014), para 34. 104 United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, A/HRC/31/57 (05 January 2016), para 25. 105 United Nations Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, The approach of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture to the concept of prevention of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment under the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, CAT/OP/12/6 (30 December 2010), para 5 (j). 106 Information extracted from the BRP DCC Minutes July 2023 provided to the Commission by the Department on 4 July 2024. 86 Not just an afterthoughtThe experience of women in immigration detention