Endnotes 1 Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Those who’ve come across the seas Detention of unauthorised arrivals (12 May 1998), 7. <https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/ h5_2_2.pdf>. 2 See for example, Australian Human Rights Commission, The Forgotten Children: National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention (2014). <https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/ forgotten_children_2014.pdf>; Professor E Elliott and Dr H Gunasekera, The health and well-being of children in immigration detention: Report to the Australian Human Rights Commission (2016). <https://humanrights. gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/Health%20and%20well-being%20of%20children%20in%20 immigration%20detention%20report.pdf>. 3 Australian Human Rights Commission, The Forgotten Children: National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention (2014). <https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/forgotten_ children_2014.pdf>. 4 Commonwealth Ombudsman. Access All Areas: Monitoring Places of Detention 2022-23 6th Report of the Commonwealth National Preventive Mechanism (May 2024), 26-27. <https://www.ombudsman.gov.au/__data/ assets/pdf_file/0010/304102/Commonwealth-NPM-Annual-Report-2022-23.pdf>. 5 Commonwealth Ombudsman, Monitoring Immigration Detention July to December 2019 (2020), 32. <https:// www.ombudsman.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/111390/Six-monthly-immigration-detention-report-JulDec-2019.pdf>; Commonwealth Ombudsman, Monitoring Commonwealth Places of Detention: Annual Report of the Commonwealth National Preventive Mechanism under the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture (OPCAT) 1 July 2021 – 30 June 2022 (2023), 28. <https://www.ombudsman.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ file/0022/290137/Commonwealth-NPM-Report.pdf>. 6 United Nations Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Eighth Annual Report of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, CAT/C/54/2 (26 March 2015) para 64. 7 United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants, Human rights of migrants: good practices and initiatives on gender-responsive migration legislation and policies, A/74/191 (18 July 2019) para 95. 8 United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, A/HRC/31/57 (5 January 2016), para 16. 9 United Nations Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women and Girls, its Causes and Consequences, Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women, A/68/340 (21 August 2013), para 31, 64. 10 United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Views adopted by the Committee under article 7 (3) of the Optional Protocol, concerning Communication No. 133/2018, CEDAW/ C/77/D/133/2018 (7 December 2020) para 7.5; United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, General recommendation No. 32 on the gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women, CEDAW/C/GC/32 (14 November 2014), para 34. 11 Esposito F, and Bosworth M, Gender, Violence and Regimes of Vulnerability in Immigration Detention: A Transnational Analysis, in Peterie, M, Immigration Detention and Social Harm: The Collateral Impacts of Migrant Incarceration. (31 July 2024), 137-154 [137]. <https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003370727>. 12 Ibid, 2. 13 Esposito F, Di Martino S, Briozzo E, Arcidiacono C and Ornelas J, Women’s Experiences of Immigration Detention in Italy: Examining Immigration Procedural Fairness, Human Dignity, and Health. Frontiers in Psychology. 13:798629, 1-11 (12 July 2022). doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.798629; Bosworth, M, and Kellezi B. Citizenship and belonging in a women’s immigration detention centre, in Philips C and Webster M, New Directions in Race, Ethnicity and Crime (2014) 80-96. <https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/26167/1/PubSub2764_ Kellezi.pdf>; Bosworth, M, and Kellezi B. Quality of Life in Detention: Results from MQLD Questionnaire Data Collected in IRC Campsfield House, IRC Yarl’s Wood, IRC Colnbrook, and IRC Dover, September 2013-August 2014 (2015). <https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/migrated/mqld_2019_report_for_ publication_16.03.20.pdf>. Endnotes 79