3.4.6 Nationality laws and implementation in practice for children born out of wedlock to a Malaysian father and a non-Malaysian mother 84 3.4.7 Nationality laws and implementation in practice for children born outside of Malaysia to a Malaysian mother and a non-Malaysian father in lawful wedlock 88 3.4.8 Nationality laws and implementation in practice for indigenous persons 90 3.4.9 Nationality laws and implementation in practice for refugees 92 Section 4: Civil Registration and Vital Statistics in Peninsular Malaysia 4.1 Birth registration 4.1.1 Normal registration of domestic birth 4.1.2 Late registration of domestic birth 4.1.3 Registration of birth abroad 4.2 Marriage registration 4.2.1 Muslim marriages 4.2.2 Non-Muslim marriages 4.3 Death registration 4.4 Identity cards (MyKad, MyKAS, MyPR, MyKid, MyTentera) 4.5 Passports 4.6 Other forms of documentation 95 96 96 101 101 102 102 104 105 106 110 110 Section 5: Circumstances Leading to Statelessness 5.1 Overview 113 119 Section 6: Process of Acquiring Citizenship 6.1 Citizenship application remedies through JPN 6.2 Issues surrounding the process of obtaining citizenship 6.2.1 Inaccessible application process that systematically disadvantages stateless populations 6.2.2 Lack of information on language proficiency requirements and determination process in citizenship application process 145 146 152 vii 155 157