is to monitor the implementation of the respective Conventions. These include the Committee on the Rights of the Child, Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, United Nations Human Rights Committee, and Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. As a party to these treaties, Malaysia would be required to submit regular reports to the respective Committees outlining the legislative, judicial, policy, and other measures they have taken to give effect to the Conventions. Therefore, these monitoring bodies under the CRC, CEDAW, CRPD, ICCPR, and ICERD create stronger compliance mechanisms to ensure that States adhere to their obligations to uphold the right to nationality and prevent and reduce statelessness. Malaysia must withdraw its reservation on the right to nationality under Article 7 of the CRC because a child’s right to nationality is seen as an ‘enabler’ right, a key to unlocking other fundamental children’s rights under the CRC (Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion, 2016) In other words, Malaysia must prioritise the protection of children’s right to a nationality in order to meet its full obligations under the CRC. Malaysia should use the General Principles of the CRC to inform its implementation of all rights in the Convention which are relevant to the problem of childhood statelessness. These rights include the rights to life, non-discrimination, survival, and development, as well as the principles of the best interests of the child, and respect for the views of the child. Besides issuing recommendations to all State Parties, the CRC Committee is able to consider individual complaints on any alleged violations of the Convention. The three themes the Committee has adopted the most recommendations on are also linked to the right to nationality: to end gender discrimination in nationality law, to grant nationality to stateless children born in the territory, and to register all births to prevent statelessness (Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion, 2018c). Malaysia must withdraw its reservation under Article 9 of CEDAW because Article 9 is “central to the object and purpose of the Convention and that the reservations impact negatively on the enjoyment by women of their rights,” as recommended by the CEDAW Committee. Besides that, nationality laws that are discriminatory on the basis of gender are in conflict with the general obligations of non-discrimination under Article 2. 47

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