On the other hand, other studies adopt a conceptual approach towards statelessness, most commonly via a legal approach, relying on secondary data. Tamara J. Duraisingam and Harmahinder Singh Iqbal Singh (2020) analyse the position of stateless persons using international law and domestic law via the Federal Constitution by theorising the possible inclusion of the right to livelihood for stateless persons through a liberal interpretation of the right to life under Article 5 of the Constitution. Low (2017) provides a historical background on the development of citizenship law in Malaysia and Singapore, drawing heavily on how each country’s citizenship regime is influenced by its former colonial citizenship systems. It then details the current citizenship regime in the respective countries, highlighting major trends on citizenship amendments post-independence. Firstly, there are conceptual legal studies focusing on the stateless Indian community in Peninsular Malaysia, which is one of the most researched stateless groups. The purely theoretical study conducted by Tamara J. Duraisingam et. al. (2020a) focuses on whether the Rule of Law helps mitigate the issues faced by stateless Malaysian Indians, primarily their right to employment. In another study, Tamara J. Duraisingam et. al. (2020b), also focusing on stateless Indians, use a doctrinal approach to outline the historical factors that led to their statelessness, definitions of a stateless Indian, and how they can be provided a right to citizenship through an analysis of citizenship law and statelessness. Secondly, there are studies that focus on the nexus between statelessness and migration (e.g. refugees, irregular labour migrants, asylum seekers, victims of human trafficking) via a legal framework. Rodziana Mohamed Razali et. al. (2015) adopt an international law framework to explore the interconnections between migration and statelessness, particularly how modern patterns of migration expose several groups of vulnerable persons with a migratory background to the risk of statelessness in Malaysia. Zulfaqar Mamat and Rodziana Mohamed Razali (2020) find that the unrecognised legal status of Rohingya refugees complicates the registration of their marriages in Malaysia and argue that more streamlined, detailed guidelines on marriages amongst Muslim refugees should be developed so that their marriages can be better regulated, as a means to preserve their rights according to Islamic law. Another doctrinal 23