Human Rights And Statelessness I N P E N I N S U L AR M AL AYS I A The process of gaining informed consent for the interviews and documents for all participants included an explication of the nature of the study – the explanation was provided in a language of the participant’s choice, with an interpreter if required. All of the consent forms used in this study can be found at https://osf.io/kvf5s/ . With regard to the interviews specifically, this consent process was audio-recorded. For certain groups of participants, the research team acknowledged possible power asymmetries which we tried to compensate for through a repeated emphasis on the voluntariness of participation in this research project. They were also informed of their right to decline the interview invitation without any consequences. Participants who had agreed to participate was informed of their right to refuse to answer any questions or to stop the interview at any time. To ensure understanding, participants were asked to repeat what the study is for and what is expected from the participants (time, information) to the interviewer. Particularly due to the sensitive nature and the vulnerability of the populations, we informed all participants of our data storing and management to ensure that they will have anonymity and confidentiality. Consent was also taken for the act of audio-recording the interviews. If the participant declined to be recorded, they could still participate in the study and notes were taken by the interviewer. As for the documents, participants were asked to share any relevant documentation related to the circumstances of their statelessness. If they agreed, they sent the documents over to us via email, text messaging app, or by post. We reimbursed any costs of sending the documentation over (e.g. postage, photocopying costs). The information from the documents is confidential, and no one else except the research team were to have access to the documents. Once we received the documents, we removed any identifiable information on it. The documents were kept in a cloud storage space that was password protected and only accessible to the research team. The information recorded is confidential, and no one else except the research team were to have access to the documents. Other considerations: • For illiterate participants, we read the informed consent document out to the participant alongside an impartial witness, selected by the participant, to observe the consent process. Both the participant 18