Human Rights And Statelessness I N P E N I N S U L AR M AL AYS I A It is important to note that personal and citizenship identity is multifaceted, and that individuals may fall under multiple categories. For example, a child born in Bangladesh to a Malaysian mother and Bangladeshi father out of wedlock could be analysed under categories 4, 5, and 6 for the purposes of this study – but an interview with them or their guardian would ‘count’ as a single addition to the number of participants involved in the study. Desk review The desk review was conducted over a diverse range of knowledge, including government data, academic journals, think tank and policy reports, media articles, social media, and other relevant national and foreign materials/ research on statelessness in Malaysia. It was conducted in both English and Bahasa Malaysia. We found a total of 220 source materials on statelessness, with the breakdown listed in Table 2. Table 2: Breakdown of desk review according to source type Source type Number Media articles 74 Government responses 70 Academic articles (journals, books) 33 NGO reports 10 Legal provisions 33 Total 220 In-depth interviews We conducted 89 interviews over four months, between September 2021 and December 2021. Interviews were conducted by authors M.N., N.F., and S.T. The target number was 80 interviews: 60 stateless individuals, 15 CSO members, and five government agency representatives. We ended up exceeding our interview target by 11.25%. Interviews were done with participants from all across Peninsular Malaysia – with the modes of interview being Zoom or phone (most common) and in-person. The map displaying the geographical spread of participants can be found in Figure 3. Table 3 summarises the number of interviews conducted for each of the categories and subcategories of participants. 12