(b) Scope The Study has a wide-ranging scope and will identify prevalence and impact, including: • The prevalence, nature and experiences of racism, including antisemitism and Islamophobia at universities for both staff and students at the individual and systemic levels. Universities with dual-sector operations that integrate higher education with vocational education and training (VET) are included in the scope of the Study. • Which cohorts of students and staff experience racism, including but not limited to the distinct incidences of antisemitism, Islamophobia and the experience of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, people from other negatively racialised backgrounds and international students. • The unique context and circumstances of racism for different groups of students and staff, including a specific focus on the experiences of Jewish, Muslim and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students and staff. The Study will also conduct practical research to develop recommendations for the Government, universities and other relevant stakeholders to address racism and discrimination. (c) Research questions and approach The Study utilises a mixed methodology, combining quantitative and qualitative data from the survey analysis with qualitative data from survey responses, focus groups, interviews and roundtable discussions. The Terms of Reference establish the areas for inquiry and scope. These areas have been operationalised into specific research questions to guide research design: • What is the prevalence, nature and impact of racism on university staff and students? • How do different cohorts of students and staff experience racism? • How effective are current responses to racism? • Do current responses sufficiently understand and provide targeted responses to the distinct experiences of different cohorts? • How can universities embed anti-racism into policy and practice? 16