Indigenous Offenders’ (Speech delivered at Sentencing Conference 2010, National Judicial Conference, Canberra 6 February 2010) 3. 81 United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Consideration of Reports Submitted by the States Parties under Article 9 of the Convention: Concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination: Australia, 56th sess, UN Doc CERD/C/304/Add.101 (19 April 2000), 16. 82 See 'Justice for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people will not improve without funding for Aboriginal legal services: Analysis of the Federal Budget 2022' NATSILS (Web Page) <https://www.natsils.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Federal-Budget-2022-NATSILS.pdf>. 83 See, eg, KPMG, Maranguka Justice Reinvestment Project: Impact Assessment (November 2018). 84 Australian Law Reform Commission, Pathways to Justice: Inquiry into the Incarceration Rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (Report No 133, March 2018) 16 and 230 citing Australian Bureau of Statistics, Prisoners in Australia, December 2016, cat no 4517.0 table 19. <http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4517.0> 85 See, eg, Lorena Allam 'Kumanjayi Walker inquest: ‘Racist’ text messages from police officer’s phone allowed as evidence' The Guardian (Online) 13 September 2022 <https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/sep/13/kumanjayi-walker-inquest-racisttext-messages-from-police-officers-phone-allowed-as-evidence>. 86 Western Australia Coroner’s Report, Record of Investigation into Death of Julieka Ivanna Dhu (16 December 2016) [860]. 87 Coalition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peak Organisations, and all Australian Governments, National Agreement on Closing the Gap (July 2020) [59] <https://www.closingthegap.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-09/ctg-national-agreement_apr-21comm-infra-targets-updated-24-august-2022_0.pdf>. 88 Royal Commission and Board of Inquiry into the Protection and Detention of Children in the Northern Territory, Findings and Recommendations (2017); Western Australian Office of the Inspector of Custodial Services, Behaviour management practices at Banksia Hill Detention Centre (June 2017); Victorian Commission for Children and Young People, The same four walls: inquiry into the use of isolation, separation and lockdowns in the Victorian youth justice system (2017); and Law Council of Australia, The Justice Project Final Report (August 2018). 89 Royal Commission and Board of Inquiry into the Protection and Detention of Children in the Northern Territory, Findings and Recommendations (November 2017) <https://www.royalcommission.gov.au/child-detention/final-report>. 90 Northern Territory Government, ‘Safer Communities: Response to the 227 Recommendations of the Royal Commission and Board of Inquiry into the Protection and Detention of Children in the Northern Territory’ (Media Release, 1 March 2018). 91 Steve Vivian, 'Self-harm incidents inside Don Dale spark intervention of NT Children's Commissioner' ABC News (Online)10 June 2022 <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-06-10/dondale-self-harm-incidents/101141030>. 92 Change the Record, 'Ban spit hoods nationwide' (Media Release, 5 April 2022) <https://www.changetherecord.org.au/change-the-record/posts/media-release-ban-spit-hoodsnationwide>. 93 Matt Dennien, ‘No good reason to put a bag over someone’s head’: Queensland police ban spit hoods' Brisbane Times (Online) 19 September 2022 <https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/no-good-reason-to-put-a-bag-oversomeone-s-head-queensland-police-ban-spit-hoods-20220919-p5bjbn.html>. 94 Statutes Amendment (Spit Hood Prohibition) Act 2021 (SA). 95 VYZ by next friend XYZ v Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Justice [2022] WASC 274. 96 VYZ by next friend XYZ v Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Justice [2022] WASC 274 [35]. 52