FROM BONDAGE TO FREEDOM 64 needs of the victims. The Convention fails to empower meaningfully the victims of trafficking or to take a right based approach to address the issue138. It is not surprising that many prominent human rights bodies either call for its radical reform or abolition and re-drafting. Further, under the 1949 Convention, States Parties are required only to annually communicate to the Secretary-General any laws, regulations and measures relating to the traffic of persons. In spite of the fact that the Trafficking Convention came into force in 1951, the mechanism for receiving such information was not established until the mid-seventies. One of the reasons for the inefficiency in setting up a mechanism to review these reports is the fact that there is no established body to monitor, State Parties compliance with this Convention. Without such a body there will be few resources available and scant political will to ensure adherence to 1949 Convention. D. Conclusion The 1949 Convention is narrow in its outlook. The adequacy or appropriateness of this Convention, therefore, to deal effectively with the modern manifestation of trafficking and the many human rights abuses associated with this practice is thus highly questionable.139 By focussing on the elimination of prostitution instead of on the protection of human rights of trafficked persons, the 1949 Convention has emerged as ineffective human rights Convention. Up till now, it has been ratified by only 73 countries and thus has been, and will continue to be, an ineffective treaty140. It is because of the above-mentioned drawbacks that the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) expands the end purposes of trafficking only from prostitution to include all forms of traffic in persons to cover trafficking for forced labour or marriages as well as prostitution141. Also, CEDAW’s focus on exploitation of the prostitution of others rather than prostitution can be read as a tacit rejection of the explicit abolitionist stance of 1949 138 International Movement Against All forms of Discriminations and Racism (IMADR), “Strengthening the International Regime to Eliminate Traffic in Persons and the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others”, A Working Paper presented to the Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, Tokyo, Japan, May 1998, p.27. 139 See M. Dottridge, International Instruments Against Traffic in Persons – when the “Excellent” is the enemy of the “Good”, 1999, p.7, as referred in John Morrison, The Trafficking and Smuggling of Refugees: The End Game in European Asylum Policy, a Working Paper of UNHCR’s Policy Research Unit, Centre for Documentation and Research, July 2000, p.61. 140 Supra note 25,p. 23. 141 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, Art. 6.