FROM BONDAGE TO FREEDOM c. 55 European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment The rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Convention are enforced by the European Commission of Human Rights, European Court on Human Rights and European Committee on Prevention of Torture. d. European Union Apart from the above mechanisms, EU citizens can bring legal cases to the European Court of Justice. Complaints calling for investigations or policy actions can be made to the relevant EU bodies. In 1997, the EU released, the Hague Ministerial Declaration on European Guidelines for Effective Measures to Prevent and Combat Trafficking in Women for the purpose of Sexual Exploitation.108 The guidelines focus on cooperation between governments and UN agencies, and action in the field of prevention, prosecution, assistance and support at the national and European level. ii) North and America. South • Freedom from forced labour, a. American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR), 1969. • Right to work under proper involuntary servitude and slavery. conditions and reasonable remuneration The ACHR draws upon the European Convention of Human Rights, the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, 1948 and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966. Only state members of the Organization of American States (OAS) have the right to become parties. Apart from this, the OAS also has the Inter American Convention for the Punishment, Eradication and Prevention of Violence against Women. 108 Ministerial Conference under the Presidency of the European Union, The Hague Ministerial Declaration on European Guidelines for Effective Measures to Prevent and Combat Trafficking in Women for the purpose of Sexual Exploitation, DCE/97-429.