that each topic and the factors are not the absolute criteria to uniformly assess the maliciousness of hate speech. Each topic may lead to completely different meanings according to the characteristics of the hate speech in question. For example, in terms of the “Publicness of Hate Speech,” although it is generally regarded that public hate speech has greater harmful effects because it can reach more people, there may be instances in which hate speech in an exclusive rally among people with strong common beliefs on discrimination may lead to a greater arousal of emotions from the audience due to the exclusiveness, leading to greater harmful effects. Details of each topic follow. 1) Status of People that Cause Hate Speech The status or position of the person who expresses hate speech within society is one of the most important factors to consider when determining the maliciousness of hate speech. As the same hate speech may have a greater effect on the audience if it is spoken by a person with great social influence, stronger measures should be taken in such situations. The factors that are related to this topic are as follows. [Social Status] The harmful effects of hate speech from people with social influence or status such as politicians, people of major parties, high-ranking officials, or religious leaders. Urgent and strong social responses should be taken towards the hate speech of those with great public influence. 51