｜Chapter 1｜ Introduction of the Phenomenon of Hate 1. Introduction Over the course of history, groups of people have been discriminated against and classified, and attempts have been made to eliminate this discrimination. Residues of stigma remain against historically discriminated groups such as women, disabled people, minorities, people of other races, and sexual minorities that cast such groups as inferior, invaluable, dangerous, or contaminated. This stigma may be present in our everyday words as well as our conscious and subconscious thought structures. Sometimes, discrimination is purposely introduced to bring about social hate for political purposes. A major example is the stigma against and massacre of Jewish, disabled, and LGBT people, who were victims of the Nazis’ hate politics during World War II. At the same time, people may be excluded and oppressed in everyday life due to unfair prejudice, unjust customs, or socioeconomic reasons. Some examples include patriarchal oppression or discrimination towards aliens. Hate speech is defined as a social action that openly shows discrimination or an action that encourages discrimination. Hate speech does not stop at exposing one’s internal feelings or awareness towards a particular group of people. The root of hate speech is historical or social discrimination, and the public expression of hate in society and its ability to spread is a serious social issue. This not only violates the human rights of those who are subject to hatred by reconfirming and reinforcing existing discrimination, it also divides society and 2