Needs Assessment and Gap Analysis of the National Human Rights Institutions in South Asia 54 businesses, limiting the ability of NHRIs to ensure that climate actions by both the public and private sectors are aligned with human rights standards. Coordination with international mechanisms and participation in global climate forums is also lacking across many NHRIs. These institutions often do not have the resources or technical tools to engage in international climate discussions or to contribute to global environmental strategies from a human rights perspective. This lack of participation weakens their influence in shaping climate policies at the national and international levels. The impact of these gaps is significant, limiting NHRIs’ ability to protect the rights of affected communities, advocate for marginalised groups, and contribute to national climate policy development. To address these challenges, NHRIs need enhanced training programmes, better technical support, more financial resources, and improved tools for monitoring and advocacy. Strengthening collaboration with civil society, EHRDs, businesses, and international partners will be essential to improve the overall effectiveness of NHRIs in the context of climate change and human rights.