Needs Assessment and Gap Analysis of the National Human Rights Institutions in South Asia 52 } Coordination with International Mechanisms All NHRIs show limited engagement with international environmental mechanisms and global climate forums. While some NHRIs indicated their participation in key international climate-related events like COP, overall engagement with the global climate change related initiatives and discourses is minimal, resulting in missed opportunities for these institutions to contribute to global discussions and learn from international best practices. Moreover, there is insufficient coordination between NHRIs and international partners on climate change issues, reducing their capacity to influence international climate policies and integrate human rights considerations into global climate frameworks. The lack of formal documentation of input in international consultations highlights a missed opportunity for NHRIs to shape international climate action from a human rights perspective. Overall, these gaps in stakeholder engagement, working with affected communities, collaboration with civil society, human rights defenders and the corporate sector, and coordination with international mechanisms significantly hinder NHRIs’ capacity to address the human rights implications of climate change effectively. Strengthening these areas is crucial for NHRIs to fulfil their mandates and contribute meaningfully to CCMA efforts. C. Gaps in Impact The impact of NHRIs engagement with CCMA initiatives reveals several significant gaps that undermine their effectiveness. Firstly, all six NHRIs often face challenges in monitoring and reporting on climate -related human rights issues, leading to inadequate advocacy for the rights of affected communities. This, in turn, limits their capacity to provide comprehensive recommendations to governments on how to address the intersection of climate change and human rights. Their ability to implement a rights-based approach to climate adaptation and mitigation is also hindered by these monitoring gaps, as well as by difficulties in addressing complex issues such as displacement and relocation caused by climate-related disasters. Moreover, many NHRIs indicated their current gaps to address intersectional issues, particularly those related to gender, LGBTQ+, and marginalised communities. While all six NHRIs indicated that their general incorporations of gender considerations in monitoring, investigation and advocacy, there is insufficient integration of gender considerations in CCMA efforts in specific, which reduces the effectiveness of their engagement in this regard. This is compounded by challenges in advocating for and ensuring that marginalised communities receive equitable access to resources and support in climate-related disasters, leaving these vulnerable groups inadequately protected.