Needs Assessment and Gap Analysis of the National Human Rights Institutions in South Asia 38 How well the NHRI supports individuals negatively impacted by climate change or mitigation measures in accessing effective remedies Does the NHRI advocate for the protection of environmental human rights defenders who may face violence or prosecution Figure 14. Support to individuals impacted by climate change Figure 15. Advocacy for the protection of EHRDs In general, NHRIs are aware of the need to advocate the protection of HRDs, including EHRDs, as part of their work. They are also cognisant of the nature of challenges EHRDs face (Figure 15), while the specific dimensions of such challenges faced by HRDs working in more targeted climate change related areas requires more clarity. NHRC Bangladesh takes threats against HRDs seriously, often treating them as suo moto investigation cases. The NHRC investigates these incidents and collaborates with the Ministry of Home Affairs and law enforcement to ensure accountability for perpetrators. Despite this proactive stance, challenges remain in providing robust protection, as many HRDs face harassment and retaliation, particularly in sensitive areas concerning environmental advocacy. The NHRC’s commitment to addressing these issues highlights the ongoing struggle for human rights defenders working in climate-related contexts. NHRC India actively supports human rights defenders by collaborating with civil society organisations and NGOs, particularly on sensitive climate change issues. The establishment of a dedicated core group for HRDs has empowered them to engage with authorities and report violations effectively. The NHRC enhances defenders’ credibility and safety by providing 24/7 assistance through designated officials. This commitment to protecting HRDs reflects a supportive environment, enabling effective collaboration and advocacy for human rights in climate action. In the Maldives, HRCM has yet to specifically engage with HRDs focused specifically on climate change, nonetheless, there is an active engagement with human rights defenders in general. Although HRCM receives complaints related to environmental matters, these are often about government’s development and infrastructure projects rather than direct