Empowering National Human Rights Institutions to Advance Rights-Based Climate Action 5 Nepal Sri Lanka Nepal has implemented several policies to address climate change, starting with the National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) (2010)34 and Local Adaptation Plans for Action (LAPA) (2011).35 Nepal’s National Adaptation Plan (2021-2050)36 outlines long-term adaptation goals. It has also adopted a net-zero emissions target by 2045 and the Green, Resilient, and Inclusive Development (GRID) initiative, emphasising green growth and resilience. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act, 2074 and Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Rules, 2076 (2019)37 establishes guidelines for relief, rehabilitation, and resettlement of populations affected by climate-related disasters. Existing policies include the National Climate Change Policy (2012),38 the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) (2016-2025)39 which outlines strategies for climate adaptation in key sectors like agriculture, water, health, and coastal areas. The Sri Lanka Climate Resilience Improvement Project (2014)40 focuses on disaster risk management and infrastructure resilience. The Sri Lanka Energy Sector Development Plan (ESDP 2015-2025)41 promotes renewable energy and energy efficiency to reduce carbon emissions. Government of Nepal, ‘National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA)’ <https://www.climatenepal.org.np/project/national-adaptation-programme-action-napa>. 34 Government of Nepal, ‘Local Adaptation Plans for Action (LAPA)’ (2011) <https://climate.mohp.gov.np/downloads/National_Framework_Local_Adaptation_Plan.pdf>. 35 Government of Nepal, ‘Nepal’s National Adaptation Plan (2021-2050)’ (2021) <https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NAP_Nepal_2021.pdf>. 36 Government of Nepal, ‘Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act, 2074 and Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Rules, 2076 (2019)’ (2019) <https://bipad.gov.np/uploads/publication_pdf/DRRM_Act_and_Regulation_english.pdf>. 37 Government of Sri Lanka, ‘National Climate Change Policy (2012)’ (2021) <https://www.climatechange.lk/CCS Policy/Climate_Change_Policy_English.pdf>. 38 39 Government of Sri Lanka, ‘National Adaptation Plan (NAP) (2016-2025)’ (2016) <https://www.climatechange.lk/Index_NAP.html>. Government of Sri Lanka, ‘Sri Lanka Climate Resilience Improvement Project (2014)’ (2014) <https://www.nbro.gov.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=130:crip&catid=2&Itemid=161&lang=en>. 40 Government of Sri Lanka, ‘Sri Lanka Energy Sector Development Plan (2015-2025)’ (2015) <https://www.pucsl.gov.lk/legal_documents/sri-lanka-energy-sector-development-plan-for-a-knowledge-based-economy-2015-2025/>. 41