Ms. Verma further mentioned that OHCHR provides advice on legal and policy reform needed to ensure compliance with international standards and norms relating to deprivation of liberty including engaging with judges, prosecutors, lawyers and correction staffs on relevant international standards and norms, often jointly with other UN agencies such as UN Women and international organisations such as the International Commission of Jurists. OHCHR often uses prison visits to monitor and to improve conditions of detention in high profile individual cases as in Colombia, Nepal, and other countries. This has resulted in some instances an increased visits from the prison medical team, timely provision of medication to inmates and access to legal defence. Besides that, OHCHR has also focused attention on ensuring adequate accommodation as outlined under the Nelson Mandela Rules through its prison support program. For example, OHCHR has supported the General Department of Prisons in Cambodia to improve sanitation, hygiene, and access to portable water. In 2019, the General Department of Prisons, Cambodia produced a final draft of minimum standard on prison construction based on previous recommendations, jointly provided by OHCHR, UN Office for Project Services (UNOPS) and ICRC. The guidelines reflect the international human rights standards and norms and provide for the separation of different categories of detainees, including provision for persons with disabilities and children in prison with their mothers. In Tunisia, OHCHR with the cooperation with Penal Reform International has engaged with the General Directorate of Prisons to support developing the national strategy for reducing and addressing overcrowding in prisons. Implementing the Nelson Mandela Rules involves providing legal assistance and advice to states and prisoners alike. In Madagascar for example, advocacy efforts have resulted in the ratification of the optional protocol to the Convention Against Torture (CAT) in 2017. This is significant given that the mandate of protocol allows UN experts to visit prisons and to help improve conditions and preventive treatment and address underlying challenges. Monitoring the situation of irregular migrants and detention including unaccompanied and separated minors is a critical focus of the work of OHCHR for example in Mexico, in relation to safeguards included in the Nelson Mandela Rules, OHCHR has presented recommendations to the Federal Congress on legislation to establish a national registry of detention and comprehensive registration for inmates and detainees on admission in line with the Nelson Mandela Rules (6-10) which have led to the adoption of a national law on the registry of detention. OHCHR has also delivered technical advice on the use of pretrial detention, which has contributed to the adoption of a constitutional reform, enabling a review of the use of pre-trial detention by 2024. Issues relating to the protection of persons deprived of their liberty have also been raised and dealt by UN human rights mechanisms such as treaty bodies, special procedures, and Universal Periodic Review (UPR) which frequently refers to the Nelson Mandela Rules. Treaty bodies frequently request states to indicate in initial and periodic reports the extent to which they are applying standards including the Nelson Mandela Rules and regularly refer to them in their concluding observations 28