Australian Human Rights Commission Submission to the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 8 May 2017 36 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2015-16 Child protection Australia (2017), p 47. At http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=60129558626 (viewed 5 May 2017). 37 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2015-16 Child protection Australia (2017), p 52. At http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=60129558626 (viewed 5 May 2017). 38 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2015-16 Child protection Australia (2017), p 48. At http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=60129558626 (viewed 5 May 2017). 39 Migration Act 1958 (Cth) s 189, 196 40 See, for example, Janette P Green and Kathy Eagar, ‘The health of people in Australian immigration detention centres’ (2010) 192 2 Medical Journal of Australia 65; Louise K Newman, Nicholas G Procter and Michael J Dudley, ‘Suicide and self-harm in immigration detention’ (2011) 195 6 Medical Journal of Australia 310; Melissa Bull et al, ‘Sickness in the system of long-term immigration detention’ (2012) 26 1 Journal of Refugee Studies 47; Commonwealth Ombudsman, Suicide and Self-harm in the Immigration Detention Network (2013). At http://www.ombudsman.gov.au/news-and-media/mediareleases/media-release-documents/commonwealth-ombudsman/2013?a=26154 (viewed 8 May 2017); Ilan Katz et al, The experiences of Irregular Maritime Arrivals detained in immigration detention facilities: Final report (2013). At http://www.unsworks.unsw.edu.au/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=UNSWORKS&docId= unsworks_modsunsworks_39307 (viewed 8 May 2017). 41 For example, a 2004 study of asylum seeker families in immigration detention found that this incidence of psychiatric disorders amongst both adults and children in detention increased over time. See Zachary Steel et al, ‘Psychiatric status of asylum seeker families held for a protracted period in a remote detention centre in Australia’ (2004) 282 Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 23. 42 The Department of Immigration and Border Protection’s monthly immigration detention statistics summaries show that end February 2017 there were less than 5 children in detention. The summaries are available at http://www.border.gov.au/about/reports-publications/research-statistics/statistics/livein-australia/immigration-detention (viewed 30 April 2017). 43 Scott Morrison, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, ‘Government success stopping illegal boats to save $2.5 billion’ (Media Release, 13 May 2014). At http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/media/pressrel/3165273/upload_binary/3165273.pdf (viewed 5 May 2017). Scott Morrison, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, ‘Government closes Labor's Inverbrackie detention centre’ (Media Release, 12 December 2014). At http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22media%2Fpressrel%2 F3575101%22 (viewed 5 May 2017); Peter Dutton, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, ‘Government closes Darwin's Bladin detention facility’ (Media Release, 21 February 2015). At http://www.minister.border.gov.au/peterdutton/2015/Pages/government-closes-bladin-detentionfacility.aspx (viewed 5 May 2017); Commonwealth of Australia, Budget Paper No. 2 2016-17 (3 May 2016) 123. At http://budget.gov.au/2016-17/content/bp2/download/BP2_consolidated.pdf (viewed 5 May 2017); Commonwealth of Australia, Budget Paper No. 2 2016-17 (3 May 2016) 123. At http://budget.gov.au/2016-17/content/bp2/download/BP2_consolidated.pdf (viewed 5 May 2017). 44 As at June 2016, 667 people had been held in closed detention for more than one year (including 362 people who had been held for more than two years). The overall average length of detention in closed facilities has remained in excess of one year since August 2014. See the Department of Immigration and Border Protection’s immigration detention statistics summaries from 31 August 2014 to 28 February 2017, available at http://www.border.gov.au/about/reports-publications/researchstatistics/statistics/live-in-australia/immigration-detention (viewed 5 May 2017). 45 See Australian Red Cross, Vulnerability Report: Inside the process of seeking asylum in Australia (June 2013) 17. At http://www.redcross.org.au/files/ARC_VulnerabilityReport_LR.PDF (viewed 30 April 2017); United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Asylum seekers on bridging visas in Australia: Protection Gaps (2013). At http://www.unhcr.org/enau/publications/legal/58117a937/asylum-seekers-on-bridging-visas-in-australia-protection-gaps.html (viewed 30 April 2017); John van Kooy, ‘Work remains a mirage for skilled but stymied asylum seekers’, The Conversation (online) 26 October 2015. At https://theconversation.com/work-remains-amirage-for-skilled-but-stymied-asylum-seekers-49134 (viewed 30 April 2017). 46 Department of Immigration and Border Protection, IMA Legacy Caseload: Report on Status and Processing Outcomes (February 2017). At 22