6.2. Sources of support for dealing with racism 6.2.1. Settlement support services Across Aotearoa New Zealand settlement support service providers accommodated a range of programmes and opportunities for education and learning, social services, social housing, settlement support and positive race relations. All interviewed providers included varied levels of education about Te Tiriti o Waitangi within their service delivery. All our services, we can’t live without the Treaty of Waitangi. This is the very base of New Zealand constitution…Always acknowledge the Treaty and the very important and precious status of the Māori and Indigenous. (Provider) We try to work within a Treaty framework…We work alongside Iwi and other organisations. Part of our role is to educate migrants about the Treaty where we can and also about supporting our colleagues in those services. (Provider) Although settlement service providers supported extensive numbers of recent migrants and their families, it is important to note that participants highlighted a lack of awareness among migrants (both recent and established) about where to seek help for experiences of racism. One lady was asking, is it better to always speak up and stand up for ourselves whenever we experience this discrimination, and where do we report it to, and how do we [report it]? There's no clear process. There's a lack of information on how and where to complain. (Korean focus group) There is a lack of awareness of services and counselling available for victims. You and I know but everybody else doesn't. I think we need to be educating our community through the temples and Gurudwara. We could display the Human Rights Commission's objectives and if you want to lodge a complaint, then you can do this and this. Maybe we should do that. (Sikh focus group) 6.2.2. Migrants supporting migrants Providers and tauiwi focus groups noted the most common source of support for migrant populations experiencing racism in Aotearoa New Zealand was migrants supporting migrants. Participants provided examples of migrant groups setting up ethnic associations to support and advocate for each other, sharing resources and information with friends, families and communities, and establishing social forums, networks and events that provided a safe place of belonging (particularly in smaller regions). Some established and long-term migrants were noted as providing employment experience and opportunities to recent migrants, as well as mediation and advocacy support. We started the Africa community organisation. At that time there was only 35 Africans in Wellington…The numbers started to increase…If you have the community together you could feel comfortable. We use it for meetings, we use it to argue as well. (African focus group) www.malatest-intl.com Drivers of racism – March 2021 68