Endnotes
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
72
Concept of Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel,
Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
under the Optional Protocol to the Convention
against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or
Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 12th
Sess, UN Doc CAT/OP/12/6 (30 December 2010);
Association for the Prevention of Torture and InterAmerican Institute for Human Rights, Optional
Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture
Implementation Manual (Manual, 2010); Association
for the Prevention of Torture, International Detention
Coalition and United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees, Monitoring Immigration Detention:
Practical Manual (Manual, 2014) 2014.
Australian Human Rights Commission, Human rights
standards for immigration detention (April 2013).
<https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/
document/publication/HR_standards_immigration_
detention.pdf>.
Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Standing
Committee on Public Works, Report 2-2017 Referrals
made November and December 2016, 16 (March
2017) <https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/
download/committees/reportjnt/024044/toc_pdf/
Report2-2017.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf>.
Department of Home Affairs, Immigration Detention
and Community Statistics Summary May 2023 (25 July
2023), 4 <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/researchand-stats/files/immigration-detention-statistics-31may-2023.pdf>.
Department of Home Affairs, Immigration Detention
and Community Statistics Summary December 2023
(8 February 2024), 5 <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.
au/research-and-stats/files/immigration-detentionstatistics-31dec-2023.pdf>.
Department of Home Affairs, Immigration Detention
and Community Statistics Summary May 2023 (25 July
2023), 8 <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/researchand-stats/files/immigration-detention-statistics-31may-2023.pdf>.
Department of Home Affairs, Immigration Detention
and Community Statistics Summary December 2023
(8 February 2024), 9 <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.
au/research-and-stats/files/immigration-detentionstatistics-31dec-2023.pdf>.
Australian Human Rights Commission, Risk
Management in Immigration Detention (2019), 67
<https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/
document/publication/ahrc_risk_management_
immigration_detention_2019.pdf>.
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
Department of Home Affairs, Annual Report
2020–2021, 120 <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.
au/reports-and-pubs/Annualreports/home-affairsannual-report-2020-21.pdf>; Department of Home
Affairs, Annual Report 2021-2022, 153 <https://
www.homeaffairs.gov.au/reports-and-pubs/
Annualreports/home-affairs-annual-report-2021-22.
pdf>; Department of Home Affairs, annual Report
2022-2023, 90 <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/
reports-and-pubs/Annualreports/home-affairsannual-report-2022-23.pdf>.
Parliament of Australia, Senate Standing Committee
on Legal and Constitutional Affairs Budget Estimates
May 2023, BE23-186 – Immigration Detention –
Critical Incidents (14 July 2023) <https://www.aph.gov.
au/api/qon/downloadattachment?attachmentId=cccf
95d3-db64-4a87-bcc2-fe941a83f537>.
Department of Home Affairs, Annual Report 2021–
2022, 153 <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/reportsand-pubs/Annualreports/home-affairs-annualreport-2021-22.pdf>.
Department of Home Affairs, Annual Report 2022–
2023, 91 <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/reportsand-pubs/Annualreports/home-affairs-annualreport-2022-23.pdf>.
Australian Human Rights Commission, Inspection of
Yongah Hill Immigration Detention Centre: Report —
16–18 May 2017 (2017), 12 <https://humanrights.gov.
au/sites/default/files/document/publication/17.12.
XX%20YHIDC%20inspection%20report.pdf>.
Australian Human Rights Commission, Inspections
of Australia’s immigration detention facilities 2019
Report (December 2020), 59 <https://humanrights.
gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/
ahrc_immigration_detention_inspections_2019_.pdf>.
Shannon Hampton, Yongah Hill death: Murder
charges laid after death of Gokhan Kan, Perth Now
(23 June 2022) <https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/
crime/yongah-hill-death-murder-charges-laid-afterdeath-of-gokhan-kan-c-7269165>.
Parliament of Australia, Senate Standing Committee
on Legal and Constitutional Affairs Budget Estimates
May 2023 BE23-718 - Detention - Complaints of
assault (14 July 2023) <https://www.aph.gov.au/api/
qon/downloadattachment?attachmentId=37124cae47eb-4cd8-8a26-5e9eab6c1020>.
Australian Human Rights Commission, Immigration
detention following visa refusal or cancellation
under section 501 of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth)
[2021] AusHRC 141, 21 (8 July 2021) <https://