of human rights and fundamental freedoms at the global level. However, world security remains threatened by terrorism, cyber-a�acks, the prolifera�on of small arms and light weapons, and industrial and civil unrest in different parts of the world. These threats con�nue to undermine the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms. The current global trend emphasizes the need to conserve the environment, providing the necessary link between the environment and human rights. Therefore, the right to a safe, clean and healthy environment is a pre-requisite for enjoying human rights. Focus is shi�ing to global best prac�ces geared towards protec�ng and conserving the environment for future genera�ons as climate change remains one of the greatest threats impeding the full enjoyment of human rights, especially economic, social, and cultural rights. 2.2 Na�onal Context Human rights in Bangladesh are enshrined as fundamental rights in Part III of the Cons�tu�on of Bangladesh. Accordingly, the State has given utmost priority to ensuring the human rights and dignity of the people. Despite that the State being cri�cized for disregarding allega�ons of human rights viola�ons, including unlawful killings an disappearances, arbitrary arrest and deten�on, and torture. Some claim that these have been in response to a�acks by armed groups claiming to act in the name of extremism of faith and doctrines. Violence against women is a viola�on of basic human rights, but Bangladesh s�ll witnesses different forms of gender-based violence. Although the Government has demonstrated its commitment to elimina�ng gender-based violence, it is the most pervasive form of human rights viola�on. Climate change is profoundly affec�ng human rights in Bangladesh. The country is commonly recognized as one of the most climatevulnerable countries on earth and is set to become even more so due to climate change. Sea-level rise and tropical cyclones in coastal areas, as well as flooding and riverbank erosion in mainland areas, combined with the socio-economic situa�on of the country, are already resul�ng in the loss of homes, land, and property, which are common phenomena in Bangladesh.Bangladesh needs to address these issues so that the human rights of vulnerable and marginalized people can be protected with proper climate adapta�on. The government responded fast with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addi�on to taking public health measures, the government announced a package of support programmes to support the poor and vulnerable households with cash transfer and food programmes. The government also provided s�mulus packages to different businesses and industries to sustain employment and produc�on in key economic sectors. But the COVID-19 outbreak immediately had detrimental effects on the rural economy in Bangladesh and has caused grave and dispropor�onate impacts on 13