parenting status), allowing the government to determine whether differences exist between persons with and without disabilities. (1) Just as with ordinary people, persons with disabilities have a need for intimacy. However, such needs are ignored and avoided. For women with disabilities, they are more prone to multiple discrimination. No government systems are currently in place to support these women. Per a Control Yuan investigation report, 87 the competent authorities (the MOE and MOHW) have failed to successfully divide the powers and responsibilities between themselves, resulting in both ministries viewing the other as the responsible competent authority. Additionally, educational courses and activities organized by local governments, schools, organizations and institutions for persons with disabilities have generally focused on preaching gender boundaries and respect as well as self-protection to prevent sexual assault. Education and counseling to raise awareness of and knowledge about sexual physiology and psychology, intimacy, and physical contact are seldom provided. (2) Per a Control Yuan investigation report, 88 the competent authorities have neglected disabled persons’ need for marriage and childbirth counseling services89 and other related education and information services. In terms of reproductive health assistance, they have merely focused on teaching persons with mental disorders and persons with intellectual disabilities about contraceptive measures, which constitutes discrimination against persons with disabilities. (3) Parenting, premarital, and marriage education and counseling90 offered by the competent authority to persons with disabilities fails to account for individual differences between and the special needs of persons with disabilities. Moreover, relevant community support measures are insufficient. (4) The childbirth rights of persons with disabilities are not fully protected. The 87 88 89 90 The Control Yuan investigation report approved on November 19, 2019. The Control Yuan investigation reports approved on November 19, 2019 and on March 17, 2020. According to the Control Yuan investigation report approved on March 17, 2020 and follow-up results, in 2018, there were 221,875 persons with disabilities aged 18–45 years in Taiwan. However, during that year, only 159 people were identified (via needs assessment) as requiring marriage and childbirth counseling services. In 2020, local social affairs competent authorities indicated that less than 0.2% of persons with disabilities needed marriage and childbirth counseling services. According to the 2016 Survey Report of Living Condition and Needs among People with Disabilities, 48.59% of persons with disabilities over the age of 15 had a spouse or were living with a commonlaw partner. 70