of Accessible Housing in 2016 and introduced accessible housing unit certificate and accessible housing certificate system. Although the ministry declared at the time that local governments were expected to submit 60 accessible housing certificate applications, no applications were received between 2016 and 2019, and only two certificates have been issued since 2020. The other scheduled applications were for public housing. These results indicate that the reward measures have proven ineffective. Additionally, in the public housing, no mechanisms benefiting persons with disabilities are in place, and no public housing units have been reserved for allotment to persons with disabilities30. (4) Between 2018 and 2019, the MOI processed only one subsidy application, which involved accessible facility improvement and elevator construction in a dwelling/condominium of five floors or fewer. Although the original subsidy amount was subsequently increased and conditions for granting subsidies were relaxed (for future subsidy applications), only five subsidy applications were processed in 2020. From 2018 to 2020, the subsidy applications that were processed were all for existing dwelling/condominiums wishing to improve the accessibility of their facilities. These results indicate that the policies that have been introduced are relatively ineffective. (5) The penetration rates of accessible sidewalks remain low and differ widely among counties and cities, with some counties and cities having penetration rates of over 70% and others less than 20%. These results indicate that the Evaluation Project of Urban Road Maintenance and Management and Sidewalk Accessibility implemented by the MOI each year is relatively ineffective. (6) The construction and placement of accessible facilities in locations such as sidewalks, parks, and parking lots is frequently incorrect, showing that the construction workers involved possess insufficient knowledge and training.31 30 31 The MOI indicated in a forum that it would investigate the issue of persons with disabilities having no priority in the allotment of units in public housing and determine whether improvements needed to be made. Examples include the guide bricks installed along sidewalks being poorly designed and unable to guide persons with disabilities, a brick thickness of 4–5 mm (which may cause pedestrians to trip), parking lots having accessible parking spaces but their entrances or exits containing obstacles, parking lot payment machines being placed in locations that require people to negotiate stairs, accessible ramps in parks containing car parking blocks, and entrances and exits being blocked by railings. 32