The American Legacy • • • • • • • Guillermo (1901)27 Operations in the Morong, Laguna, Cavite, and Tayabas (now Quezon) Provinces: The hunt for soldiers of the Philippine Republic under Macario Sakay (1901-1907) Operations in the Bicol Region: The hunt for soldiers of the Philippine Republic under Gen. Simeon A. Ola (19011903)28 The hunt for Gen. Artemio Ricarte (1903-1904) Operations in Samar after the Capture of General Lukban: The hunt for the Pulajanes (1902-1906) Suppression of the strikes and peasant unrests led by Socialist Pedro Abad Santos (former Major of the Philippine Republic) in Central Luzon (1920s to 1940s) Suppression of the peasant Sakdal uprising in fourteen towns in Rizal, Bulacan, Laguna and Cavite (1935) The Moro Wars in Mindanao (1901-1916) 4. Did the Philippine military fight foreign wars for the U.S.? Nearly. In 1917 the National Army, was created by the US War Department to fight in World War I. It provided for the regular US Army as its core with an authorized strength of 286,000 and a National Guard of 450,000. The National Army was to be created in two increments of 500,000 each, the timetable to be determined by the President. In line with the creation of the National Army, the Philippine Assembly formed the 25,000 Philippine National Guard to serve under General John Pershing in Europe. They were sent to Batangas in preparation for shipment to Europe. But the armistice overtook further developments; they were never deployed and the Guard was eventually dissolved. 5. What were the laws that made human rights violations systemic to the Philippine military under the US Commonwealth? a) Defending the haciendero economy Under the US colonial government, the land problem remained the foundation of social unrest. Originating from the unjust confiscation of all the lands owned by the inhabitants by the Spanish conquistadores (except those possessed by quisling chieftains), during their conquest in the 16th century, the problem remained unaddressed. The US was aware of the land problem in the Philippines. But it encouraged the growth of tenancy in the Philippines because of its policy of underdevelopment to prevent the country from becoming an industrialized competitor. 75