Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability and Learning | A Guide for NHRIs in the Asia Pacific Module 4: Learning from your MEAL work 78 Section 4.1. Reflecting on, and learning from, MEAL results 80 Section 4.2. Acting on MEAL results 83 Case studies 84 Reference material 88 Endnotes 89 Figures and tables 2 Figure 1 MEAL processes used at different levels of your NHRI 7 Figure 2 The MEAL Cycle 8 Figure 3 Benefits of having a MEAL Framework 12 Figure 4 The importance of focusing on outcomes over outputs 18 Figure 5 Overarching ethical principles 22 Figure 6 Decision Pathway – Do we develop a MEAL Plan or a MEAL Framework? 27 Figure 7 How to develop SMART(A) outcomes 34 Figure 8 Dependencies and assumptions 51 Figure 9 Process to make sense of your data 67 Figure 10 When to collect data and for what purpose 70 Figure 11 Reflective learning cycle 80 Table 1 Scope of MEAL Framework and MEAL Plan 26 Table 2 Key MEAL Framework concepts 30 Table 3 Quantitative and qualitative indicators 39 Table 4 Proxy indicators 40 Table 5 Baseline example 41 Table 6 Target example 42 Table 7 Bringing it all together 42 Table 8 Differences between types and sources of data 47 Table 9 Examples of assumptions 51 Table 10 Key data collection methods 59 Table 11 Examples of matching data methods with outcome indicators 63 Table 12 Example of a reporting schedule 73 Table 13 Examples of report templates 74 Table 14 Questions to reflect on your MEAL Results 81