aflif{s k|ltj]bg
sDkgLx? /x]sf 5g\ tL sDkgLx? gfkmf sdfpg] pb]Zon] nufgL ul/ :yfkgf ul/Psf x'g
. cyf{t plgx?n] gfkmfd'ns Joj;fo ;~rfng u/]sf 5g\ . tL sDkgLx?n] gfkmf sdfpg]
dfWodsf] klxnf] ;/f]sf/ x'g] JolSt eg] /f]huf/Lsf nflu ljb]z hfg rfxg] JoStL xf] .
csf]{ tkm{ j}bl] zs /f]huf/df hfg rfxg]x?n] ef]us
] f] ;d:of h:t} 7uL, ;dod} /f]huf/Lsf]
nflu gk7fpg], k|mL l6s6 k|mL le;fdf al9 /sd c;'ns
] f], tf]lsPsf] eGbf al9 z'Ns lnPsf],
g]kfndf elgP cg';f/ sfd /f]huf/bftf d'ns
' df gkfPsf], cltl/St sfd nufO{ ;f] cg';f/
Hofnf glbPsf], tnj ;dod} glbg], s'6kL6, oftgf, d[To' h:tf ;d:ofx? ef]Ug' k/]sf] tYox?
k|sfzdf cfO{;s]sf 5g\ . cyf{t g]kfnL >ldsx?sf] ;+/If0fsf ;jfn k|dv
" /x]sf] 5 . ;+/If0f
tkm{ g]kfn ;/sf/, ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, cfof]u nufot ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n]
sfo{ ub}{ cfO{/x]sf 5g\ . oltsf] k|of; x'bf x'b} klg dfgj clwfs/ ;+/If0fdf r'gf}tL b]lvg'sf]
sf/0f g]kfn leq / uGtJo d'ns
' x? egf{ ug]{ sDkgLx? lhDd]jf/ gx'g' klg Pp6f dxTjk'0f{
r'gf}tL xf] . o;n] s] klg :yfkLt ub{5 eg] lhDd]jf/ Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ ;/sf/sf
lgZrLt\ dfkb08 x'g' kg]{ / ;f] sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'g' kg]{ b]lvG5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df
x]g{] xf] eg] Joj;fo / dfgj clwsf/sf l;4fGtnfO{ cjnDag ul/ dfkb08, sfg"g lgdf{0f
ul/ ;f] sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{ cfhsf] cfjZostf\ 68\sf/f] b]lvPsf] 5 . o;sf
;fy ;fy} j}bl] zs /f]huf/ P]g @)^$, j}bl] zs /f]huf/ lgodfjnL @)^$, j}bl] zs /f]huf/LnfO{
Joj:yfkg ug{ jgfO{Psf ljleGg sfo{ljlw, lgb]l{ zsfx? / o;;Fu ;Da4 lgsfox?sf
clwsf/Lx? uDeL/ eO{ cy{k0' f{?kdf o;sf] sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . j}bl] zs /f]huf/L
Joj:yfkgdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx?sf] cf+sng ul/ ;f]xL cg'kftdf bIf hgzStL a[4L ug',{
cfly{s ;|ft] sf] ;xh tyf k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg h:tf ljifox?nfO{ k|fydLstfdf /flv g]kfn
;/sf/n] sfo{ ug'{ kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . j}bl] zs /f]huf/LnfO{ ljk|i] f0fsf] dfq laifo gjgfO{
g]kfnL >ldsx?sf] tTsfn} ef]uL/x]sf ;d:of / g]kfnL ;dfhdf lb3{sfnLg?kdf Joxf]g{' kg]{
;dflhs d'No (Social Cost) sf laifodf cem al9 uDeL/ x'g' kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 /
g]kfn ;/sf/sf cfufdL lglt, sfo{qmd tyf ;|ft] x? ;d]t To; tkm{ lgb]l{ zt x'g' kg]{ b]lvG5 .
@=!@= Ho]i7 gful/ssf] clwsf/
Ho]i7 gful/sx¿sf] clwsf/nfO{ dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o / /fli6«o b:tfj]hx¿df
k|ToIf÷ck|ToIf ?kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkqsf] wf/f @%
-!_ n] k|f9} fj:yfdf ;d]t hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt u/]sf]
5 . cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw, !(^^ sf] wf/f
!) df k|To]s JolStsf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/nfO{ /fHon] :jLsf/ ug'k{ g]{ k|fjwfg 5 .
gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(^^ sf] wf/f ^ cg';f/ k|T| o]s JolStnfO{
/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, g]kfn
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