48 S e cti o n One – General Whiri i te Reo Mäori, the Mäori Language Commission, to a school. The majority of Mäori students are educated protect and foster the use of te reo Mäori. The act was a in English-medium schools. Within this system there is response to the comprehensive te reo Mäori Treaty claim provision for bilingual classes (reo rua), total immersion to the Waitangi Tribunal in the 1980s, concerning the classes (rumaki reo) and whänau units. Under the act, the Crown’s failure to protect the language, as required by Minister of Education can also designate a state school Article 2 of the Treaty. as a kura kaupapa Mäori by notice in the New Zealand Te Mängai Päho is a Crown entity established to make Gazette. All kura kaupapa Mäori are required to adhere funding available to the national network of Mäori to the principles of Te Aho Matua (a statement that sets radio stations and for the production of Mäori language out the approach to teaching and learning applicable to television programmes, radio programmes, music CDs kura kaupapa Mäori). One of the key National Education and news services. Goals is for ”increased participation and success by Mäori The Iwi Radio Network was established in the early 1990s in response to the Waitangi Tribunal’s recommendations on the radio spectrum Treaty claim. The government through the advancement of Mäori education initiatives, including education in te reo Mäori, consistent with the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi”. 16 The Treaty is reserved the frequencies for the promotion of Mäori both one of the foundational principles of the new New language and culture. Iwi radio frequency licences are Zealand curriculum, and the central guiding principle of issued to the 21 iwi stations under section 48(b) of the Te Marautanga o Aotearoa, its companion document. Radiocommunications Act 1989. The licence stipulates This document is used by Mäori-medium schools to guide that frequencies must be used for the purpose of teaching and learning, and to support learners, schools promoting Mäori language and culture and broadcasting and whanäu. The Ministry of Education provides funding to a primarily Mäori audience. for both English and Mäori-medium education. The The Mäori Television Service Act 2003 (Te Aratuku Whakaata Irirangi Mäori) established Mäori Television as a statutory corporation to protect and promote te reo Ministry also provides funding and support for kohanga reo (language nests – early childhood education) and whare wananga (tertiary education institutions). in broadcasting. Mäori Television has two stakeholder At the centre of 20 pieces of legislation that govern interest groups: the Crown and Te Pütahi Paoho (the Mäori the health sector, the New Zealand Public Health and Electoral College). 15 In 2008, Mäori Television launched a Disability Act 2000 provides for the recognition of the Mäori-language-only channel, Te Reo. principles of the Treaty of Waitangi in health and disability Te Waka Toi, the Mäori arts board of Creative New support. With the aim of improving health outcomes for Zealand, is responsible for developing Mäori arts Mäori, the Act also provides mechanisms to enable Mäori and artists. It invests contestable funding, develops to contribute to decision-making and the delivery of initiatives and delivers tailored programmes for Mäori. health and disability services. The Government also funds the Aotearoa Traditional Mäori Performing Arts Society through Vote Culture and Heritage. Measures provided for in the act include minimum Mäori membership on district health boards (DHBs); a requirement for DHBs to establish and maintain processes The Education Act 1989 requires all New Zealand to enable Mäori to participate in and contribute to children aged between seven and 16 to be enrolled at strategies for Mäori health improvement; a requirement 15 The Crown is represented by the Minister of Mäori Affairs and the Minister of Finance. Te Pütahi Paoho (Mäori Electoral College) comprises Te Köhanga Reo National Trust, Te Ataarangi Inc, Te Rünanga o Ngä Kura Kaupapa Mäori, Te Tauihu o Ngä Wänanga, Ngä Kaiwhakapümau i te Reo Mäori, National Mäori Council, Mäori Women’s Welfare League, Mäori Congress, Te Whakaruruhau o Ngä Reo Irirangi Mäori, Kawea Te Rongo and Ngä Aho Whakaari. See the Mäori Television website. Accessible online at: http://www.maoritelevision.com/Default. aspx?tabid=227 16 National Education Goals. The relevant goal is NEG 9. Accessible online at http://www.minedu.govt.nz/NZEducation/EducationPolicies/ Schools/PolicyAndStrategy/PlanningReportingRelevantLegislationNEGSAndNAGS/TheNationalEducationGoalsNEGs.aspx