employers mandate that female employees wear makeup, skirts, nail polish, specific hairstyles, or certain types of hosiery, it could constitute direct gender discrimination. f. Conclusion In summary, the state has not taken all appropriate measures to prevent, prohibit, and punish third parties that violate CEDAW. Regardless of whether discrimination is individual or collective, or in the public or private sector, the state has an obligation to take all appropriate measures including legal action to eliminate third-party discrimination against women and to eradicate gender stereotypes and prejudice. The competent authorities in this case failed to fulfill the state’s protection duty and did not assess gender discrimination in accordance with CEDAW’s definition. Thus, it did not provide adequate protection for female employees. Furthermore, the competent authorities failed to allow labor unions to act as parties for relief and did not establish guidelines for employers to comply with CEDAW and avoid gender discrimination. Therefore, the competent authorities were insufficient both in fulfilling their procedural obligations and in obtaining substantive outcomes. 2) Did the government take all appropriate measures to ensure that both men and women have the same health and safety working conditions? The second issue in determining whether the government has fulfilled its obligations according to CEDAW and other international human rights conventions is to understand whether it has taken all appropriate measures to ensure that both men and women equally enjoy safe and healthy working conditions. The design of female cabin crew’s uniforms may impair their emergency response abilities, increase their risk of bodily exposure, and pose a higher risk of falls and other health and safety concerns. Taiwanese airline dress codes fail to take female cabin crew’s safety and health risks into account. The question here is whether or not the government has fulfilled its state obligations of respecting, protecting, fulfilling, and promoting women’s right to be free from discrimination and to enjoy equal rights as required by CEDAW and other international human rights 81