conduct of non-State actors to ensure that they do not violate the equal right of men and women to enjoy economic, social and cultural rights.” Paragraph 17 of General Recommendation No. 28 of CEDAW mentions that “States parties also have an obligation to ensure that women are protected against discrimination committed by public authorities, the judiciary, organizations, enterprises or private individuals, in the public and private spheres. This protection shall be provided by competent tribunals and other public institutions and enforced by sanctions and remedies, where appropriate. States parties should ensure that all government bodies and organs are fully aware of the principles of equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex and gender and that adequate training and awareness-raising programs are set up and carried out in this respect.” Paragraph 37 also mentions the following: “Takes steps to prevent, prohibit and punish violations of the Convention by third parties.” Accordingly, states should take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women by any individual, organization, or business. In this case, the Ministry of Labor indicated that it would continue to provide administrative guidance in the form of promoting the law, guidance for legal compliance, and holding study sessions. The Ministry of Transportation and Communications indicated that it has incorporated trousers as a cabin crew attire evaluation item in its Gender Equality Promotion Plan and also that it has requested domestic and international airlines to actively eliminate occupational gender segregation. Overall, the focus is on soft measures such as prevention and publicity, and protection for female employees remains inadequate. d. The current Gender Equality in Employment Act does not allow unions to file complaints as complainants The current legal framework does not allow unions to file complaints regarding collective gender discrimination; only individual employees or 78