भरत लाल महासचिव Bharat Lal Secretary General राष्ट्रीय मानव अधिकार आयोग मानव अधिकार भवन , सी-ब्लॉक जीपीओ काम्प्लेक्स आईएनए, नई दिल्ली-110020 भारत National Human Rights Commission Manav Adhikar Bhawan, C-Block, GPO Complex, INA, New Delhi-110023 India From the Editor’s Desk The Annual English Journal of the National Human Rights Commission is being published since 2002 as part of the Com- mission’s statutory responsibility to spread human rights literacy and awareness under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. The National Human Rights Commission has been working for three decades to protect and promote human rights in India. The idea of “Sarve Bhawantu Sukhinah”, meaning “Let everyone be happy”, has been one of the guiding principles of the Commission. The NHRC’s Annual English Journal has been a treasure trove of knowledge on various human rights issues. In its 22nd Edition, domain experts, scholars, public servants, and others have come together to provide invaluable insights on newly emerging human rights issues like artificial intelligence, child sexual abuse material (CSAM), adoption etc. The Journal also contains articles on other issues like the relationship between Rights, Duties, and Directive Principles of State Policy, the role of Panchayati Raj Institutions, environmental justice, the future of human rights, to name a few. I sincerely believe that this edition will prove to be an indispensible source of knowledge to the readers. I hope that the articles in this journal will help in con- tributing to the existing discourse on human rights in our country. I am grateful to all the esteemed members of the Editorial Board who have generously spared time and shared their wisdom to contribute to this journal’s publication. Finally, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all the authors who have been gracious enough to share their knowledge and insights on various human rights issues. (Bharat Lal) फोन : +91-11-24663211, 24663212 फैक्स : +91-11-24663262 Phone : +91-011-24663211, 24663212, Fax : 91-011-24663262, Email : sgnhrc@nic.in, Website : www.nhrc.nic.in Journal of the National Human Rights Commission, Vol. 22, 2023 vii