catalytic industries, adjustments, industries support industries undergoing and overseas employment. , Rural Development - This addresses the need in _ national countryside the to mainstream development through addressing the skills requirements of economic activities in the rural areas, especially in pursuing technology-based agriculture and fishery development. Social Integration - This focuses on the development of para-professional and other social development workers to facilitate the delivery and accessibility of social development services; provision of wider range of economic and social alternatives to poor and other Filipinos; and development and personal skills. disadvantaged of intangible decision said that Art. 7 of the ICESCR “impregnably institutionalizes in this jurisdiction the long honored truism of equal pay for equal work. Persons who work with substantially equal qualifications, skill, effort and responsibility, under similar conditions should be paid similar salaries. This rule applies to the School, its international character notwithstanding.” 3.b, Non-discrimination regarding vocational guidance and training 179. Philippine laws and policies on technical vocational guidance and training, employment occupation apply to all persons regardless race or ethnic origin, color, sex and religion. and and of their social 3.c Preference for employment of Philippine nationals 180. The Bia. Discrimination at work 1175. As a rule, there ‘restrictions practices persons or ‘color, sex, are no distinctions, exclusions, or preferences in law, in administrative or in practical relationships, between group of persons on the basis of race, religion, political opinion, nationality or preference for employment of a Philippine national over an alien is not considered discriminatory both in law and practice, owing to the nationalization policy of the Constitution and to the realities of the employment market. Question No. 4. Part of the working population which holds more than one full-time job social origin. L 76. The only exception is Art. 40 of the Labor Code which regulates the entry of foreign nationals into he employment market. More specifically, Art. 40 requires non-resident aliens seeking admission into he Philippines for employment purposes to obtain an alien employment permit from the DOLE. The ee of the permit is subject to the “labor market it ; that is, only after determination of the nonay ailability of a Filipino who is competent, able and willing to perform the service required of the alien at the time such service is needed. 177. To allow it to fulfill its commitments to the different multilateral institutions, such as the World Trade Organization, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Government is exploring the possibility of liberalizing Art. 40 in industries or occupations where and banking industries, as well as in business and the Professions. School Alliance of Educators ¥. Quisumbing, (G.R. No. 128845, 1 June 2000), the Supreme Court of the Philippines 182. More than 50 per cent of women works full time or worked less than 40 hours per week. In 1989, the proportion of women working full-time was 62 per cent and in 1999, the rate shrunk to 60 per cent. The visibly underemployed women increased from 36.4 per cent in 1989 to 38.1 in 1999. Question No. 5. Changes in legislation and policies affecting the right to work the expertise of a foreign national is needed, specifically in the maritime, air transport, telecommunication ‘178. In International 181. There is no available information on the proportion of the working population that holds more than one full-time job in order to secure for themselves and their families an adequate standard of living. An inference, however, can be drawn from the incidence of underemployment, which as of 1999 stands at 22.3 per cent. declared discriminatory the grant of higher salaries for foreign hires to the prejudice of local hires. The Court in its 183. The three major laws passed during the reporting period which affected the right to work are as follows TESDA law, the Dual-Tech Law, and the Migrant Workers Act. The Supreme Court has consistently upheld as a valid exercise of police power the regulation by the Government of the outflow of overseas Filipino workers. In 1989, in one case, the Supreme Court sustained a ban imposed by the Secretary of Labor against the deployment of domestic helpers abroad as this was done to safeguard the welfare of this PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT'S 2ND TO 4TH PERIODIC Report 81