(7.2%), personality or temperament problem in 1,676 cases (4.4%) and addiction in 1,103 cases (2.9%). The measures to be taken about the affected children include protection in their home, separated protection and return to home and, in 2017, the measure of protection in their home was initially taken in 18,104 cases (80.9%) and the same measure was finally taken in 17,589 cases (78.6%). 77. In 2017, the cases of repeated child abuse (a case of child abuse which is reported and confirmed again within 5 years from the initial confirmation of the same abuse) numbered 2,160, which is 9.7% of the total cases of child abuse in the year. The affected child’s parent was the abuser in 2,053 cases (95.0%); and the affected child’s home was the location of repeated abuse in 2,055 cases (95.1%). The abusers in the cases of repeated child abuse featured lack of parenthood and parenting skills in 1,582 cases (28.1%); social or economic stress and isolation in 1,069 cases (19.0%); marital or family conflict in 521 cases (9.2%); personality or temperament problem in 327 cases (5.8%); addiction (5.4%); and violence (3.6%). The cases of repeated child abuse which took place within 2 years accounted for 75.9%. The measures taken about the child victims of repeated abuse are: initial protection in their home was taken in 1,434 cases (66.4%); initial separated protection, in 719 cases (33.3%); final protection in their home, in 1,364 cases (63.1%); final separated protection, in 590 cases (27.3%); and final return to home, in 194 cases (9.0%). 78. Considering that, in a large number of child abuse cases, the affected child’s parent is the child abuser; in case the severity of abuse or the risk of repeated abuse is low, the most common measure is to protect the affected children in their home; and many cases of repeated child abuse are committed at home by the parents, it is necessary to provide adequate treatment and education to child abusers. In addition, given that repeated child abuse is mostly committed by the parents and at home and the frequency of repeated child abuse depends on the time interval between the initial abuse and the repeated abuse, it is important to manage the cases of child abuse over a period of many years. 79. The Government, for the purpose of preventing repeated child abuse and promoting welfare of child abuse victims, should provide child abusers with intervention and education programs tailored to their characteristics while obliging them to complete a training program designed to prevent repeated child abuse. Issue 24. School violence 80. The law defines school violence as any action committed against a student inside or outside the school premises which results in a physical or mental injury or property damage through a battery, assault, confinement, threat, kidnapping, abduction, defamation, insult, extortion, coercion, forced errand, sexual violence, bullying or cyber-bullying, or due to obscene or violent information via an information and communications network. 20