Table of Contents Introduction 9 Chapter I: Advisory Opinions Submitted by the National Institution for Human Rights to the Constitutional Authorities 11 Section I: Advisory Opinions Submitted by the National Institution for Human Rights to the Shura Council 12 Section II: Advisory Opinions Submitted by the National Institution for Human Rights to 15 the House of Representatives Chapter II: Progress Achieved, and Efforts and Activities of the National Institution for Human Rights in the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights 35 Section I: Progress Achieved and Efforts and Activities Undertaken in the Promotion of 36 Human Rights Section II: Progress Achieved and Efforts and Activities Undertaken in the Protection of Human Rights 48 Chapter III: Observing the Parliamentary and Municipal Elections of 2018 59 Section I: Observing the parliamentary and municipal elections prior to polling day 66 Section II: Observing the parliamentary and municipal elections on polling day 86 Section III: Observing the parliamentary and municipal elections following polling day 90 Chapter IV: Key Issues with a Direct Impact on Human Rights Situation in the Kingdom of Bahrain and their Influence on Sustainable Development Goals 2030 97 Section I: The Right to Work, Decent Life, and Equality 99 Section II: The Right to a Safe and Suitable Environment 119 Section III: Promoting Justice and the Rule of Law 127 7