V. Incorporation of ILO-C188 into Domestic Law Taiwan is not a member of the ILO and, therefore, cannot formally ratify the C188 Convention. Nonetheless, the human rights issue in fisheries in Taiwan has drawn significant domestic and international attention. Additionally, Taiwanese fishing vessels entering ports of countries that have ratified the C188 Convention may be subject to port inspections under the convention’s provisions. Taiwan’s “National Human Rights Action Plan” was conceived to address these challenges, including stipulations as part of its effort to strengthen its protection framework for human rights. The “Action Plan for Fisheries and Human Rights” further aligns with this goal by incorporating core principles of the C188 Convention into practice. i. Responsible Authorities and Methods for Domestic Implementation Initially, the Executive Yuan tasked the MOL with leading the domestic implementation of ILO-C188. The MOL commissioned a twoyear research study titled “The Domestic Implementation of the ILO Work in Fishing Convention (C188)” to a team from National Chengchi University (NCCU). The study analyzed potential legal pathways for domesticating the provisions of the C188 Convention. NGOs advocated for adopting an Implementation Act—similar to Taiwan’s Act to Implement the Two Covenants—to incorporate the convention’s principles into domestic law. However, academics and government agencies leaned toward either enacting specialized legislation or amending existing laws to align with C188 requirements. The MOL also convened five inter- ministerial meetings and one consultation session with experts and scholars to identify discrepancies between the C188 Convention and existing domestic legislation. This laid the groundwork for determining the most suitable approach to bridge these gaps. 84