207 Index Garcellano, Virgilio “Garci,” Commission on Elections (COMELEC) Commissioner, 49, 121, 158 Garcia, Carlos, Major General, 111 Garcia, Carlos, President, 49 Administration, 96 Garcia, Maria Melody, 163 Garcia, Rodolfo C., Lt. Gen., 49, 86 Gargarella, Roberto, 101 Garilao, Ernesto, 151 Gasiorowski, Mark J., 100 Gatmaytan, Dante, 159 General Appropriations Act, 128, 179 Germany, viii, 15 GGI See Good Governance Index Ghost projects (Ilocos Sur) scandals, 116, 120 Gloppen, Siri, 101 GNP See Gross National Product Also Philippine Gross National Product GNP and GDP growth rates (2001-2009), 132 GONGOs (Government organized NGOs), 142 Good governance, 122, 163 accountability, 163 index 72, 88 transparency, 163 participation, 163 Governance, “culture of impunity,” 23 “Government or rule by the people,” 13 Government, forms of, 100, 100-101, 100-102, 107-108, 113, 129 hybrid, 100 parliamentary, 100-101 presidential, 100-102, 107-108, 113, 129 Governors and Governorship(s), 67, 70 average turnover rates, 72, 92-94 ruled by a single political family, 65-66 and Representatives, by Region (1987-2010), average turnover rates for, 69, 70-72 in 2010 elections, political families with, 69 Graft and corruption, 96 Gross National Product (GNP), 123 Grossholtz, Jean 74 Gubernatorial and congressional positions, political families with, (1987-2010), 68-69 Gubernatorial elections, 65, 199 Gubernatorial positions, 62 Guevara, Milwida M., 167-168, 180 Guimaras, 69, 87 “Guns, goons and gold,” 25, 49 Gutierrez, Eric U., 48 Gutierrez, Merceditas, Ombudsman, 151 H Hadenius, Axel, 21 Hagopian, Frances, 73 HDI See Human Development Index HDN See Human Development Network HDR See Human Development Reports Held, David, 6, 10 Heller, Patrick, 74 Hello Garci” scandal, 121, 158, 161 Henderson, Conway W., 122 Hernandez, Carolina G., 110, 113 Heywood, Andrew, 10, 12-14, 24, 44 Hiroshima, 96 History, xiii-xiv Hobbesian problem, 59 Holland, 15 Holmes, Ronald D., v, vii, 138, 186, 188, 191192, 200 Hooghe, Marc, 191 Horizontal accountability, 100-103, 106, 108109, 114, 122, 125, 128-129, 186, 188, 190, 197 weak, 119, 121 weakness of, 116 House of Representatives building complex See Batasan Pambansa complex Human development, 9 Human development and human capabilities approach concept, 44 Human Development in East And Southeast Asian Economies: 1990-2010, 178 Human Development Indicators (HDI), 64 education, 64 health, 64 income, 64 rankings, 70-72 scores, 64 Human Development Index (HDI), 54 Trends in the Philippines and Selected Asian Countries, comparison, (1980-2010), 133 Human Development Network (HDN), 26, 88, 99, 122, 125 Human Development Reports (HDR), 26