• The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women;33)
• The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC);34)
• The Optional Protocol to CRC on the sale of children, child prostitution and child
pornography;35)
• The Optional Protocol to CRC on involvement of children in armed conflict;36)
• The Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment;37)
• The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination;38)
• ILO Convention No. 29 on Forced or Compulsory Labour;39)
• ILO Convention No. 138 concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment;40)
• ILO Convention No. 182 on Worst Forms of Child Labour;41)
• The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers
and Members of Their Families;
• The Protocol Against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, Supplementing
the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime;
• The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court;42)
• The Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and
Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery;43)
• The General Assembly Declaration on Violence against Women;44)
• The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action;
• The Beijing Platform of Action;45) and also the OHCHR Recommended Principles and
Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking, 2002.46)
33)
34)
35)
36)
37)
38)
39)
40)
41)
42)
43)
44)
45)
46)
Arts. 2, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15 and 16
Arts. 7, 16, 19, 28, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37 and 39
Arts. 1, 2, 3 and 8
Articles 1‐4
Specifically, arts. 1, 3, 13 and 14
Arts. 2, 5 and 6
Arts. 1, 2 and 6
Arts. 1‐3
In particular, art. 3 (1)
In particular, art. 7 (1) (c) and (2) (c)
Arts. 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7. See also the Slavery Convention, 1926, amended by Protocol, 1953.
Arts. 2 and 3.
See Joy Ezeilo, Special Rapporteur’s annual report to the Human Rights Council‐ A/HRC/10/16 p. 10‐11
In 2002, the United Nations, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Right (OHCHR) developed principles
and guidelines in order to provide practical, rights‐based policy guidance on the prevention of trafficking
and the protection of victims of trafficking. In Guideline 1 it reiterates the fact that “Violations of human
rights are both a cause and a consequence of trafficking in persons. Accordingly, it is essential to place
14 ❙ Seoul International Conference Against Human Trafficking in Migrant Women