• organisations consisting of various entities that had been merged had uneven systems of data collection across their business • companies with frontline staff who were not at desk-based jobs reported challenges in collecting/updating ethnic data as a digital survey tended to have low uptake. In light of these constraints, it is perhaps not surprising that most employers we spoke with did not routinely measure the ethnic pay gap within their organisations. One manufacturing employer told us: Right now, we have absolutely no way of telling you what our Pacific Pay Gap might be, what our Māori Pay Gap might be or any other ethnicity within our system, and we want to be able to do that because I think that’s where the really interesting stuff can actually start happening. One manufacturing organisation told us about their work to try and eliminate ethnic pay gaps, which also offers potential solutions for other employers: We try not to have a gap regardless of your ethnicity. This means constant reviewing of people’s performance so that they are aware of their work standards and having our employees help with ensuring the betterment of their individual work process. This helps empower all our staff. Works really well, we are keen in ensuring that our staff feel valued in the workplace. Retention is also a high driver for us within the workplace. To train a new employee costs more than valuing the staff that we currently have on board. Drivers of the Pacific Pay Gap Employers had a range of views on what they thought drove the Pacific Pay Gap based on their experience and workforce. Some identified issues related to the workers themselves. Several employers thought that Pacific workers’ family and community commitments were a driver. A design company thought the main drivers were “no qualifications and responsibility of taking care of extended family who are sick, dependent or at risk”. A manufacturing company had a similar response, noting a link between family and community commitments and the lack of qualifications: Skill, communication – language, hesitancy to speak up – generational underrepresentation, young person commitment to church/family often precludes tertiary education – we find many scholarship students bow out in their first year.) A recruitment firm we spoke with told us that Pacific workers sometimes did not want to change roles, even for pay increases: They get ‘comfortable’. They like what they are doing [and can be] very risk averse.” They noted this could reflect the comfort of working with friends.” One employer saw this differently, reflecting a humility on the part of Pacific workers, which could be addressed by support and upskilling. They identified the drivers as the “negotiating skills of our Pasifika people – them needing to know their value, understanding the market that they are in” Some employers, however, pointed to institutional barriers as well as what workers did. A public service employer said: Many factors of which some include inability to modify hiring matrixes to recognise the value-add skills and attributes Pacific people bring to the workforce. Lack of diversity on panels and within recruitment business groups. Often underselling of Pacific when applying for roles and self nonrecognition of points of difference. Inability to sell one’s abilities often sees Pacific young people starting at lower remuneration bands or roles that they are overqualified for. Reluctance of Pacific to often negotiate pay bands. Family commitments particularly with older family members. Another organisation identified the lack of visibility of pay information when job opportunities are available. They commented that “Pacific people when entering employment opportunities do not have the tools to be able to negotiate and are usually placed at the lower scale”. Voices of Pacific peoples 89

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