Endnotes Conversion Practices Prohibition Legislation Act 2022 Takatāpui is a term used by some individuals who embrace diverse sexual orientations, gender identities, and expressions within an indigenous Māori context, and acknowledges and affirms the unique spiritual and cultural roles these individuals embody 3 MVPFAFF+ is an acronym used to describe Pasifika LGBTQIA+ identities: Mahu (Hawai’i and Tahiti), Vaka sa lewa lewa (Fiji), Palopa (Papua New Guinea) Fa’afafine (Samoa) Akava’ine (Rarotonga), Fakaleiti (Tonga), Fakafifine (Niue). 4 Przeworski, Peterson, & Piedra, 2021 5 Blosnich, et al., 2020; Fenaughty, et al., 2023; Veale, et al., 2021; RANZCP, 2019; United Nations, 2020, 6 New Zealand Psychological Society, n.d. 7 RANZCP, 2019 8 NZCCP, 2021 9 NZAC, 2020 10 Green, et al., 2020 11 Fenaughty, et al., 2023 12 Jones, et al., 2022 13 Jones, et al., 2021 14 Conversion Practices Prohibition Legislation Act 2022, Section 8(1) 15 Conversion Practices Prohibition Legislation Act 2022, Section 9(1) 16 Conversion Practices Prohibition Legislation Act 2022, Section 10 17 Conversion Practices Prohibition Legislation Act 2022, Section 11 18 Conversion Practices Prohibition Legislation Act 2022, Section 14 19 Conversion Practices Prohibition Legislation Act 2022, Section 5(2) 20 For a full overview of applicable international human rights law see Report of the Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, UN Doc A/HRC/44/53 (1 May 2020). 21 International Covenant for Civil and Political Rights, article 2; International Covenant for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, article 2; New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, section 19; Human Rights Act 1993, section 21(1)(a) and (m). 22 International Covenant for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, article 12. 23 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, section 9. 24 International Covenant for Civil and Political Rights, articles 18, 19; New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, sections 13, 14 and 19. 25 United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child (2016). General comment No. 20 (2016) on the implementation of the rights of the child during adolescence, 6 December 2016, CRC/C/GC/20. Retrieved from https://www. refworld.org/docid/589dad3d4.html 26 Convention on the Rights of the Child. 27 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 3(1) 28 Committee on the Rights of the Child, general comment general comment No. 13 (2011) on the right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence, para. 21; and general comment No. 14 (2013) on the right of the child to have his or her best interests taken as a primary consideration, paras. 55 and 73. 29 Reese, 2022 30 Fenaughty, at al., 2021a; Fenaughty, et al., 2021b 31 Fenaughty, et al., 2021b 32 Fenaughty, et al., 2023 33 Veale, et al., 2021 34 Veale, et al., 2019 35 Though the term has come to refer generically to converison practices, “reparative therapy” was coined by J. Nicolosi and concentrated on a man’s relationship with masculinity and centered on father-son relationships with the intention of “repairing” a “misguided” sexuality. 36 Aversion therapy aims to create a negative association with an “undesirable” behaviour through concurrent exposure to a stimulus and discomfort. 37 https://www.hdc.org.nz/your-rights/about-the-code/code-of-health-and-disability-services-consumers-rights/ 38 A Crown Law opinion on transgender discrimination in 23 August 2006 concluded that sex discrimination under the Human Rights Act 1993 can be interpreted to include discrimination on the basis of transgender status, see https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/crown-law-opinion-transgender-discrimination. The Human Rights Commission interprets the Human Rights Act 1993 in this way. 39 Jones, et al., 2022 40 Fenaughty, Tan, & Ker, 2023 41 Adhikaar Aotearoa, 2022 1 2 13 13 Conversion Practices Guidance for those working with rangatahi and their whānau