103 ‘The Queen on the Application of Bernard v. London Borough of Enfield, [2002] EWHC 2282 (Admin)’ ESCR-Net (Web Page) <https://www. escr-net.org/caselaw/2015/queen-applicationbernard-v-london-borough-enfield-2002-ewhc2282-admin>. 104 Equality and Human Rights Commission, Close to home: An inquiry into older people and human rights in home care (November 2011) <https:// www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/ files/close_to_home.pdf>. 105 Attributed to Mahatma Gandhi. 106 Law Council of Australia, Submission 166, Free & Equal Inquiry. 107 Jim McGinty, ‘A Human Rights Act for Australia’ (2010) 12(1) University of Notre Dame Australia Law Review 27. 108 Law Council of Australia, Submission 166, Free & Equal Inquiry. 109 Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth) by the Sex Discrimination Amendment (Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Intersex Status) Act 2013 (Cth). 110 See, eg, findings in Australian Human Rights Commission, The Forgotten Children: National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention (2014) <https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/ asylum-seekers-and-refugees/publications/ forgotten-children-national-inquiry-children>; Australian Human Rights Commission, A last resort? National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention (April 2004) <https:// humanrights.gov.au/our-work/asylum-seekersand-refugees/publications/last-resort-nationalinquiry-children-immigration>. 111 See eg, Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Final Report (December 2017) <https://www. childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/final-report>; Royal Commission into the Protection and Detention of Children in the Northern Territory, Final Report (November 2017) <https://www. royalcommission.gov.au/child-detention/finalreport>. 112 Associate Professor Liz Curran, Submission 67, Free & Equal Inquiry. 113 Uniting Church of Australia, Submission 91, Free & Equal Inquiry. 114 Canberra Community Law, Submission 111, Free & Equal Inquiry. 115 Victoria Legal Aid, Submission 141, Free & Equal Inquiry. 116 Currently the Commission conciliates human rights complaints based on international treaty rights, however there is no pathway to court. See discussion at chapter 2 section 1.3(a) and chapter 11 section 3. 117 See eg, Lord Bingham’s comments in A (FC) and others (FC) (Appellants) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent) [2004] UKHL 56 [42]. 98 118 Queensland Advocacy Incorporated, Submission 63, Free & Equal Inquiry; Associate Professor Liz Curran, Submission 67, Free & Equal Inquiry. 119 Julian Gardner, Submission 79, Free & Equal Inquiry. 120 R (Limbuela, Adam and Tesema) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2005] UKHL 66, [2006] 1 AC 396 [34]. 121 R (Limbuela, Adam and Tesema) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2005] UKHL 66, [2006] 1 AC 396. 122 R (Limbuela, Adam and Tesema) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2005] UKHL 66, [2006] 1 AC 396 [20]. 123 Human Rights Act 1998 (UK) art 3. 124 R (Limbuela, Adam and Tesema) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2005] UKHL 66, [2006] 1 AC 396, discussed in Conor Gearty, On Fantasy Island (OUP, 2016), 151. 125 R (Limbuela, Adam and Tesema) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2005] UKHL 66, [2006] 1 AC 396 [76]. 126 R (Limbuela, Adam and Tesema) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2005] UKHL 66, [2006] 1 AC 396 [75], discussed in Conor Gearty, On Fantasy Island (OUP, 2016) 151. 127 Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic) ss 10, 17. 128 Human Rights Law Centre, Charters of Human Rights make our lives Better: 101 Cases showing how (2022) <https://www.hrlc.org.au/ reports/2022/6/2/charters-of-human-rightsmake-our-lives-better>. Original source: Certain Children v Minister for Families and Children [2017] VSC 251. 129 Human Rights Law Centre, Charters of Human Rights make our lives Better: 101 Cases showing how (2022) <https://www.hrlc.org.au/ reports/2022/6/2/charters-of-human-rightsmake-our-lives-better>. Original source: ACT Human Rights Commission Annual Report 2015– 16 (2016) 24; The Matter of ER (Mental Health and Guardianship and Management of Property) [2015] ACAT 73. 130 UN Human Rights Committee, C v Australia, Communication No. 900/1999, UN Doc CCPR/ C/76/D/900/1999 (2002) [7.3] <http://www. unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/0/f8755fbb0a55e15ac1256 c7f002f17bd?Opendocument>. 131 Simpson v Attorney General (Baigent's case) [1994] 3 NZLR 667 [691]. 132 Since Australia first joined the individual complaints determination processes at the UN, there have been 52 cases in which human rights violations by Australia have been found. ‘Cases’ Remedy Australia (Web Page) <https://remedy. org.au/cases/>. 133 Remedy Australia (Web Page) <https://remedy. org.au/>.