Baseline Study on the Philippine Penal Conditions: Nurturing o Human Rights Based Approach to Penal Management •······································································································································································································································· The inmate classification guides other components like assignment to a housing unit and types of programs that inmates should participate in. As such, classification personnel must work closely with personnel in charged with housing and inmate programming. To be successful, a facility must have the structural, organizational, and cultural capacity and readiness to implement an effective classification scheme. The criteria for classification and the procedure for administering the classification are discussed next. i. Risks, Needs, and Responsivity (RNR) Principles Current correctional literature suggests that classification schemes are guided by the Risk, Need Responsivity (RNR) Principles. Briefly, the Risk principle suggests that the amount of supervision and control accorded to inmates will be based on their risk levels, that is, high-risk inmates require more programming supervision and control, and low risk inmates require less programming supervision and control. The Needs principle suggests that the factors that led inmates to criminal behavior must be properly diagnosed. The Needs principle assumes that there are different causes as to why individuals commit a crime. Upon identification of the causes of criminal behavior, an intervention program w ill be introduced that addresses the specific causes of the behavior. For example, inmates w ho maintain criminal thinking (that is, endorse a criminal and illegal behavior) must be provided with intervention programs that target their criminal cognitions. The Responsivity principle suggests that inmates respond differently to programs and those programs must be specifically tailored to their capacity to respond. For example, Flowchart: Management ofTorture Cases. inmates with mental disabilities are less likely to Source: CHRP, RA 9745 Anti-Torture Act of 2009 and It's Implementing respond to cognitive restructuring but respond Rules and Regulations. more effectively to behavioral therapy. The Responsivity principle suggests that inmates must undergo an individualized treatment plan. The RN R principles must guide the formulation of an Inmate Classification Instrument (!Cl). This instrument will be utilized to guide efforts to effectively classify the inmates. This instrument must be regularly updated based on its capacity to predict inmate behavior. There must be trained personnel who can effectively administer the instrument. A model !Cl is provided in this guidebook to direct initial efforts to develop an agencyspecific IC! (See Appendix A). ii. Substantive tasks on inmate classification, reception and orientation For an effective classification of inmates to be realized, the correctional facility must have structural, organizational, and cultural capacity and readiness. In terms of structure, the facility must have fully trained personnel, attendant office space and equipment. and resources to fund the operation of the classification unit. 22 Assistance to individuals in crisis situations • CSWD • MSWD Legal assistance • DOJ • CHR •PAO