The “Advancement of Human Rights” sub-chapter in the “Study and Research”
sub-section consists of sub-chapters on “Right to Health”, “Draft of Job Creations Law
(Omnibus Law)”, “Defense and Security”, “Vulnerable Groups”, “Freedom of Religion
and Belief”, “Freedom of Opinion and Expression”, “Past Serious Human Rights
Violations”, “Report on the Implementation of International Human Rights Instruments”
which can generally be linked to Goal 16 of the SDGs, in particular to Target 16.3.
regarding the rule of law and justice for all parties.33
Target 16.1. is also relevant, for example, to the issues raised in the “Vulnerable
Groups” and “Past Serious Human Rights Violations” sub-chapters.34 Goal 16 of the
SDGs has a strong relationship with articles in Law 39/1999 namely Article 2 related
to the recognition and respect of human rights by the Indonesian Government, Article
4 which is related to “Right to life, right not to be tortured, right to freedom of person,
thought, and conscience, right to religion, [...] right to be recognized as a person and
equality before the law”, and Article 9 which is related to the right to life.35
Other relevant SDGs include Goal 3 on health which can be linked to the
discussion of the “Right to Health” sub-chapter.36 Goal 10 can also be linked to the
discussion in the “Freedom of Religion and Belief” sub-chapter and “Freedom of
Opinion and Expression” sub-chapter.37
Activities within the “Education and Dissemination” sub-chapter which consists
of the “Dissemination of Human Rights Knowledge” sub-chapter and “Improvement of
Human Rights Awareness” sub-chapter can be classified as the implementing
activities of Goal 4 SDGs related to education and learning to which the content of
human rights education and learning can act as a dissemination platform for spreading
various SDGs to various stakeholders.38
Moving on to the “Human Rights Enforcement” sub-chapter, more specifically
in the “Community Complaints” section, a report can be found that states that the right
to welfare, the right to justice, and the right to a sense of security still hold the first,
second, and third place in terms of number of complaints (identical to the top three
complaints listed in the 2019 Annual Report of the National Commission on Human
33
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 70/1, Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development, A/RES/70/1 (adopted on 25 September 2015) (hereinafter: UNGA Res.
70/1), 25-26 (Goal 16).
34 (1) Komnas HAM 2020 Annual Report (n. 1), translated by authors, 25-27; and (2) UNGA Res. 70/1
(n. 33).
35 Law 39/1999 (n. 19), Articles 2, 4, and 9.
36 (1) Komnas HAM 2020 Annual Report (n. 1), translated by authors, 17-21; and (2) UNGA Res. 70/1
(n. 33), 16-17 (Goal 3, Target 3.8).
37 (1) Ibid., Komnas HAM 2020 Annual Report (n.1), 28-39; and (2) UNGA Res. 70/1 (n. 33), 21 (Goal
10, Target 10.2-3).
38 (1) Ibid., Komnas HAM 2020 Annual Report (n.1), 28-39; and (2) UNGA Res. 70/1 (n. 33), 17 (Goal
4).
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