Semarang-Demak Toll Road provided an assessment of the price of land affected by toll road construction without going through deliberation and socialization procedures. The determination of compensation is carried out unilaterally by the Government without providing room for negotiation among the residents and the Government. The appointed appraisal party giving an appraisal price for the affected land belonging to the Complainant far below the market price. The complainant assessed that there was insufficient deliberation process. As a result, the residents suffer losses due to low compensation rates and the forgone of their sources of life. 16. The communities in Rempang Island - Riau Island faced possible eviction by the Batam City Government through Badan Pengusahaan Batam (BP Batam) regarding land requirement of a PSN project - the Rempang Eco City. This land conflict issue began with the signing of the MoU between BP Batam and PT Makmur Elok Graha (PT. MEG) on August 26 2004 regarding the development of PSN Rempang Eco City which includes the tourism, fisheries, livestock, housing and so on industries. 17. Rempang Island has been inhabited by the Malay people since 1834. In 2023, BP Batam plans to relocate the residents of Rempang Island to other islands. However, the community, particularly the Malay community, rejected the relocation would mean they have to change their livelihood, shift the residence area from coastal to inland areas far from the coast, and the relocation could destroy the history and culture of each village. 18. On September 7, 2023, the community in Rempang Island held a demonstration to reject the land allotment carried out by BP Batam. The local police deployed 1,000 joint troops in the land allotment process. This security forces are not only equipped with complete riot security attributes and equipment, but also armed with tear gas weapons and ammunition. The tear gas was launched including to schools in the nearby area and have caused trauma as well as affecting the health condition of the students and the teachers in the school. Recommendation to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR): 19. To urge the GoI to mainstream human rights in formulating and establishing policies related to the National Strategic Project (PSN) Indonesia, as regulated in Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 60 of 2023 concerning the National Strategy for Business and Human Rights. 20. To urge the GoI to ensure free prior and informed consent from the community in the preparation and the implementation of all of the PSN projects. 21. To urge GoI and investors to protect and respect human rights in accordance with The UN Guiding Principles of Human Rights 22. To urge the GoI to avoid excessive use of force in handling any agrarian conflict in order to prevent casualties and potential conflicts.