The rights of indigenous peoples are under threat. The United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (2009) found persistent human rights violations against indigenous peoples, who continue to be disproportionately affected by armed conflict. The Committee noted the occupation of indigenous territories by the armed forces and armed groups and the adverse effects of internal displacement on indigenous peoples' livelihoods, health and education. The Committee also found the application of the Regalian doctrine to indigenous property inconsistent with the rights under the Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act (IPRA) and that the Mining Act of 1995 significantly undermines IPRA. The Committee found unduly burdensome the process for claiming collective land titles; the Committee further found that the implementation of consultation processes to secure Free, Prior and lnformed Consent of indigenous peoples for infrastructure and natural resource exploitation projects was inadequate. The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (2008) expressed concern over the "adverse etfects [ofl economic activities connected with the exploitation of natural resources, especially mining operations, carried out in indigenous territories [on] the right of indigenous peoples to their ancestral domains, lands and natural resources," and "the conflict of laws between the 1995 Mining Act and IPRA." The Committee on the Rights of the Child (2009) noted the failure to address the social and environmental impact of the Mining Act particularly on the situation of children, who are "being acutely affected as families are removed from mining areas, indigenous people are being deprived of their ancestral lands and highly polluting technology is being utilized." The Righb of Migrant Peaons and Members of TheirFamilies The rights of Filipino migrant workers and their families remain largely unfulfilled. The United Nations Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families (2009) found continued abuse and exploitation of Filipino migrant workers, especially women migrants, the unwillingness of Filipino migrants to file cases of abuse against their employers abroad for lack of trust in the justice system or fear of retaliation and unfamiliarity with the redress possibilities, and documented cases where embassy/consulate personnel abroad did not properly assist their nationals. The Committee, like the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (2006), expressed concern over the continued feminization of migration or the employment of women in gender-specific industries such as care givers, entertainers and domestic workers where they are vulnerable to physical, sexual, and verbal abuse, unpaid/delayed/underpaid wages, and may face inequitable working conditions. The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women specifically identified the vulnerability of "women workers who migrate to other countries and regions in search of work opportunities through informal channels ... to becoming victims of various forms of exploitation, violence and trafficking," and the absence of bilateral agreements and memorandums of understanding with all countries and regions to which Filipino women migrate. The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (2008) found that overseas Filipino workers often face discriminatory treatment and abuse, particularly women migrant workers employed as domestic workers, nurses and care-givers, who often become victims of psychological abuse, physical and sexual violence and slavery-like working 17