The Jinju Correctional Facility was serving as many as 100 long-term inmates with severe mental illnesses, and was receiving a number of inmates diagnosed with mental illnesses transferred from other correctional facilities every month. Surprisingly, the facility did not have an in-house psychiatrist for 10 years and was managing with an outside psychiatrist who visited the facility three times a week for 5-hour sessions. It was obvious that the current system was insufficient to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment, which requires extensive interview and observation, and the inmates were able to receive simple services like receiving prescriptions. Meanwhile, patients were more satisfied with medication provided by the Jinju Correctional Facility than other facilities and satisfied with its rehabilitation and treatment programs. However, absence of in-house psychiatrists made it impossible to receive treatment and medication at night or on weekends, and correctional officers and staff were exposed to a constant threat of violence brought on by erratic and unpredictable outbursts of inmates. Based on the on-site investigation, the Commission recognized problems including absence of in-house psychiatrist, ineffective communication between staff and psychiatrists, issues of isolation and compulsion, and low awareness of mental illnesses amongst prison guards. Accordingly, the Commission recommended the Minister of Justice to i) retain a proper number of mental health professionals including in-house psychiatrists and nurses, ii) design appropriate measures such as enhancing internal education programs and offering external education programs, and iii) develop a work process guideline for staff working in mental illness ward including formulated response to erratic behavior and use of protective measures and equipments. 3) On-site Investigation: Nursing Home Korea is one of the fastest aging countries in the world, and senior citizens have come to be regarded as one of vulnerable groups whose civil rights should be carefully monitored. With the introduction of Long-term Care Insurance for the Elderly in August 2010, in 88 Part II. Major Activities of the Commission