the military culture that tolerated abuse and brutality and commanding officers who neglected their supervision duty as the cause of the problem and demanded fundamental solutions. In conclusion, the Commission recommended to the Chief of Staff of the Navy to issue disciplinary warnings to the division commander and the regimental commander, impose corresponding disciplinary actions on 11 officers for their cover-up attempt and handling of the incidents, offer periodic human rights education to prevent repeat offenses, ban the practice of ‘ostracizing’ and develop a strict penalty policy for violation of the ban, develop a chain of responsibilities concerning incidents of abuse and brutality, and conduct in-depth examination into the Marine Corps with external experts. It also recommended the commandant of the Marine Corps to re-investigate the 8 soldiers accused of brutality and take appropriate action including criminal charges and guarantee protection for 7 victims. For 2 victims who suffered severe damages, the Commission referred the case to the Korean Bar Association for legal aid to assist them claiming rightful remedy. 3) Suo Moto Investigation: Death of Soldier Assigned to the Conscripted Police Unit and Diagnosed with Leukemia The Commission considered after reviewing media coverage on abuse and brutality within the riot/conscripted police units that human rights violations were extensive and rampant and addressing the issue would result in benefits of preventing further violations and raising public awareness. Accordingly, the Commission decided to launch suo moto investigation into abuse and brutality within the riot/conscripted police units as well as fundamental problems of the riot/conscripted police unit management to be conducted on 10th and 27th of January 2011. Despite the Commission’s previous effort to address the issue in 2007 and 2008 when the Commission submitted ‘recommendations for improvement of human rights conditions within the riot and conscripted police units’ to the National Police Agency, the 2011 investigation found that the National Police Agency was not successful in fully Chapter 3. Investigations and Remedies: Civil Rights Violations 83