275 Index Gubernatorial election. Search under Governor Guia, Luie, 190 “Guns, goons and gold", 23 Gutierrez, Merceditas, Ombudsman, 113, 145 H Hacking of personal data, 172 Hagopian, Frances, 54–55 “Hello Garci” scandal, 121, 123, 217, 223 Hernandez, Carolina, 91 Herrera, Christine, 175 Heywood, Andrew, 11, 34n2 Holland: democracy promotion, 14 Hontiveros, Risa, 187 Horizontal accountability, 31, 54, 79, 80, 85, 88–91: and delegative authority, 91–92, 95–98; and governance, 81; and publicprivate partnership, 100; and transparency, 98–100 Horizontal democracy, 47 House of Representatives: budget process, 92; expenditure program, 99;Party List seat allocation, 58–60. Search also Congress Human Development Index (HDI), 74 appendix 2 Human Development Network, 24, 79, 92 96, 97 Human Development Reports (HDR), 23 Human development, 34n1, 64 Human rights, 101 Huntington, Samuel, 11, 83 Hyatt 10, 121 I Ilustrado politicians, 64 Immunity, 81 Impeachment, 81 Independence Act, 76 Indigenous Peoples' Right Act (R. A. 8371), 113, 253 Inequality, 47 Information and communication technologies, 232 Information Technology Foundation, 145 Iglesia ni Kristo, 240 Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), 230 Institutionalism, 80 Institutions, Government, 31: reforms, 98 Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA), 125–26 table 5, g. 3, 130 table 8, 254 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 178 International factors, Role of, 65n8 Internet, 223, 232 Intra-party competition, 58 Irosin, 128 Island provinces, 66n11 Island provinces: HDI ranking and poverty incidence, 61 J Jacob, Jaime, 187 James, William, 4 Japan: anti-corruption programs, 95 Japanese occupation, 76 Jimenez, Evita, 169 Joint Congressional Oversight Committee (JCOC), 163, 167, 198 Jones Law, 76 Journalist: Political activists and journalist killings, 209–210 Journalism, 222: Crimes and harassment, 208, 209, 222, 224 Judicial Executive Legislative Advisory and Consultative Council (JELACC), 99–100, 251 Judiciary, 31, 76 Jueteng, 120 Justice, Institutions of, 100 Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act (R. A. 9344), 113, 253 K Kabataan (Party List), 59, 117 KAISA's Court Watch, 114 Kanin baboy (pigs' food), 35n3 Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Piilipinas (KBP), 210, 217–18, 222: violation of guidelines, 211 Kapstein, Ethan B., 80 Karl, Terry Lynn, 10, 46 Keane, John, 65n4 “Kickback”, 94 Kinship ties, 63 Kohli, Atul, 65n8 Kongreso ng Mamamayang Pilipino (KOMPIL 2), 120 Kongreso, Korte, Kalsada (3Ks), 188 L La Liga Policy Institute, 131