Ⅱ Recommendation for NAPs B. Domestic / overseas standards and cases 1) UNGPs 6. States should promote respect for human rights by business enterprises with which they conduct commercial transactions. 2) The UN Guiding Principle above emphasizes that public procurement is a major means for the government to conduct commercial transactions with enterprises and that human rights consideration is required in procurement. Specifically, it means that the government explains the negative impact of procured materials on human rights to bidders, gives guidelines on the government expectation regarding due diligence and where appropriate, requires the implementation of due diligence. 3) Since 1970s, as a measure against apartheid in South Africa, the United States had excluded business enterprises operating in South Africa from the US procurement market and is currently applying its criteria to prohibit business enterprises involved with child labor, forced labor and human trafficking from participating in the government procurement. The European Union introduced the concept of social procurement in the 2000s, and the various social factors including human rights have been used as a criteria to select business enterprises participating in the procurement market. 4) In case of Korea, some local governments have developed and are using corporate social responsibility as selection criteria for public procurement. However, there is no such attempt at the central government level, nor a policy foundation to consider human rights in procurement. 17